{"id":443,"date":"2015-12-16T09:49:52","date_gmt":"2015-12-16T08:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/?p=443"},"modified":"2018-07-04T08:17:32","modified_gmt":"2018-07-04T07:17:32","slug":"ionut-nistor-problema-aromana-in-raporturile-romaniei-cu-statele-balcanice-1903-1913-o-reevaluare-critica-salutara-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/ionut-nistor-problema-aromana-in-raporturile-romaniei-cu-statele-balcanice-1903-1913-o-reevaluare-critica-salutara-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Ionu\u0163 Nistor, \u00ab Problema arom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00bb \u00een raporturile Rom\u00e2niei cu statele balcanice : o reevaluare critic\u0103 salutar\u0103 (Sud-Estul cultural, 4\/2015)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0Abandonarea\u00a0\u00bb arom\u00e2nilor cu ocazia semn\u0103rii p\u0103cii de la Bucure\u015fti \u00een 2013 a fost denun\u0163at\u0103 \u00een mai multe r\u00e2nduri, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 ca aceste critici, uneori dure dar izolate \u015fi formulate mai degrab\u0103 sub forma unor\u00a0cris du c\u0153ur<\/i>, s\u0103 aib\u0103 vreo inciden\u0163\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 \u00een istoriografia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Aceasta din urm\u0103 a transmis p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre o imagine destul de confuz\u0103 at\u00e2t despre asisten\u0163a cultural\u0103 \u015fi politic\u0103 acordat\u0103 de statul rom\u00e2n arom\u00e2nilor \u015fi vlahilor megleni\u0163i c\u00e2t \u015fi despre rela\u0163iile Rom\u00e2niei cu statele balcanice \u00eenainte de 1913.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cine cite\u015fte atent memorile personajelor implicate \u00een evenimentele care au marcat aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, numeroasele contribu\u0163ii ale lui Nicolae Serban Tana\u015foca, cartea lui Max Demeter Peyfuss (1)\u00a0sau documentele din Arhivele na\u0163ionale publicate de Stelian Brezeanu \u015fi Gheorghe Zbuchea (2)\u00a0poate s\u0103-\u015fi fac\u0103 o idee destul de clar\u0103 pe acest\u0103 tem\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 observa\u0163ile diploma\u0163ilor sau a politicienilor trebuie uneori verificate, chiar dac\u0103 istorici dublati de filologi at\u00e2t de scrupulo\u015fi precum Max Demeter Peyfuss \u015fi Nicolae Serban Tana\u015foca se ab\u0163in s\u0103 interpreteze, mai ales c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 cel mai mic dubiu, concentr\u00e2ndu-se pe stabilirea faptelor istorice, chiar dac\u0103 comentarile privind a\u015fazi\u015fii \u00ab\u00a0rom\u00e2ni din sud\u00a0\u00bb semnate de Stelian Brezeanu \u015fi Gheorghe Zbuchea se \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 pe alocuri de\u00a0 documentele editate.<\/p>\n

Numai un public restr\u00e2ns este familiarizat cu aceste materiale documentare \u015fi analitice. Oric\u00e2t de numeroase \u015fi pre\u0163ioase ar fi ele, aceste materiale nu s-au tradus deci printr-o clarificare a istoriei politicii Rom\u00e2niei \u00een Balcani \u00een anii care au precedat \u00eenceputul primului r\u0103zboi mondial predate \u00een \u015fcoli \u015fi la facult\u0103\u0163i, discutat\u0103, s\u0103rb\u0103torit\u0103 \u015fi povestit\u0103 \u00een pres\u0103, la televizor, etc.<\/p>\n

Teza de doctorat sus\u0163inut\u0103 de Ionu\u0163 Nistor \u00een 2007 \u015fi publicat\u0103 de Editura Universit\u0103\u0163ii Alexandru Ioan Cuza doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu cu titlul \u00ab\u00a0Problema arom\u00e2n\u0103\u00a0\u00bb \u00een raporturile Rom\u00e2niei cu statele balcanice (1903-1913)<\/i>\u00a0pare a fi \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103, poten\u0163ial, s\u0103 modifice acest\u0103 situa\u0163ie (3).<\/p>\n

Obiectivul autorului, anun\u0163at explicit \u00een\u00a0 Introducere, este acela de \u00ab\u00a0a determina m\u0103sura \u00een care etnia arom\u00e2n\u0103 a fost scopul esen\u0163ial al implic\u0103rii autorit\u0103\u0163ilor de la Bucure\u015fti \u00een Balcani sau a fost un mijloc eficient prin care Rom\u00e2nia a putut participa la \u2018\u2019jocurile\u2019\u2019 politice din zon\u0103\u00a0\u00bb (4).\u00a0 R\u0103spunsul la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare figureaz\u0103 \u00een ultimul paragraf al Concluziei. El nu e mai pu\u0163in explicit\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0[Statul rom\u00e2n] a avut ocazia s\u0103 transforme \u2018\u2019chestiunea arom\u00e2n\u0103\u2019\u2019 \u00eentr-un subiect de interes interna\u0163ional, s\u0103 ofere arom\u00e2nilor garan\u0163ia unei evolu\u0163ii normale \u00een cadrul statelor ce au \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163it Macedonia \u00een 1913 \u015fi s\u0103 ob\u0163in\u0103 avantaje pentru aceast\u0103 comunitate \u00een virtutea pozi\u0163iei sale \u00een ajunul primului r\u0103zboi mondial, \u00eens\u0103 a ratat aceste oportunit\u0103\u0163i, abandon\u00e2nd practic rezolvarea problemelor cu care se confrunta comunitatea arom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een schimbul beneficilor teritoriale \u015fi politice\u00a0\u00bb (5).<\/p>\n

Desigur, ideea c\u0103 arom\u00e2nii ar fi fost folosi\u0163i de c\u0103tre Rom\u00e2nia ca \u00ab\u00a0mijloc de presiune \u00een Balcani\u00a0\u00bb \u015fi ca \u00ab\u00a0moned\u0103 de schimb\u00a0\u00bb a fost deja evocat\u0103 pe un ton mai mult sau mai pu\u0163in aluziv, \u00een treac\u0103t, polemic. Noutatea cu cartea lui I. Nistor este c\u0103 ideea devine o tez\u0103 demonstreat\u0103 temeinic \u015fi argumentat, pornind de la documenta\u0163ia existent\u0103 \u015fi propriile cercet\u0103ri ale autorului.<\/p>\n

Pacea de la Bucure\u015fti din 1913 \u00ab\u00a0 a echivalat cu lovitura de moarte dat\u0103 chestiunii macedonene\u00a0\u00bb, nota fostul consul al Rom\u00e2niei la Bitolia C. Br\u0103ileanu, citat de I. Nistor (6). Acesta din urm\u0103 arat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 cum un asemenea deznod\u0103m\u00e2nt fusese \u00een bun\u0103 parte preparat de-a lungul decenilor care au precedat\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Tratatul de la Bucure\u015fti poate fi considerat punctul final al unei etape ce a debutat odat\u0103 cu primele \u00eencerc\u0103ri ale autorit\u0103\u0163ilor din Vechiul Regat\u00a0 de a \u00eencuraja\u00a0 \u015fi sprijini mi\u015fcarea cultural\u0103 din Balcani\u00a0\u00bb (7).<\/p>\n

Accentul e pus de altfel \u00een carte pe dezbaterile care au avut loc la cele dou\u0103 congrese ale \u00ab\u00a0rom\u00e2nilor otomani\u00a0\u00bb care au avut loc la Monastir (Bitolia) pe 10 \u015fi 11 iulie 1909 primul \u015fi pe 11\u00a0 iulie 1910 al doilea. Discu\u0163ile \u015fi hot\u0103r\u00e2rile primului congres au fost consemnate de unul dintre participan\u0163i \u00eentr-o publica\u0163ie ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nile care au urmat primului congres (8). Dup\u0103 ce le-a trecut \u00een revist\u0103 si a analizat criticile \u015fi propunerilor formulate cu aceste ocazii, I. Nistor atrage aten\u0163ia asupra faptului c\u0103 :<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La fel de importante au fost \u015fi deciziile arom\u00e2nilor reuni\u0163i \u00een congres de a-\u015fi hot\u0103r\u00ee singuri viitorul, de a-\u015fi crea organe de control \u015fi forme de organizare, care s\u0103 le asigure \u00eendeplinirea obiectivelor propuse. Dorin\u0163a de a ie\u015fi de sub tutela administra\u0163iei rom\u00e2ne\u015fti era, \u00een opinia noastr\u0103, un semn al ineficien\u0163ei acesteia, dar \u015fi un indiciu al maturiz\u0103rii politice a reprezentan\u0163ilor arom\u00e2nilor, care nu mai a\u015fteptau solu\u0163ii de la Bucure\u015fti, ci \u00eencercau s\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00een aplicare un plan propriu de reforme\u00a0\u00bb (9).<\/p>\n

Excesul, \u00een materie de m\u0103suri de control promovate la Bucure\u015fti risca s\u0103 sufoce \u00ab\u00a0ini\u0163iativa local\u0103 \u015fi \u00eei putea transforma pe liderii arom\u00e2nilor \u00een simpli actori \u00eentr-o pies\u0103 regizat\u0103 din capitala rom\u00e2n\u0103\u00a0\u00bb, scrie I. Nistor cit\u00e2nd existen\u0163a unor \u00ab\u00a0proiecte autonomiste ale unei p\u0103r\u0163i \u00eensemnate a comunit\u0103\u0163ii arom\u00e2ne\u015fti\u00a0\u00bb (10).
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

Rela\u0163iile Rom\u00e2niei cu cele trei state constituite \u00een acea vreme, adic\u0103 Bulgaria, Grecia \u015fi Serbia, constituie obiectul propriu zis al c\u0103r\u0163ii. Totu\u015fi, Ionu\u0163 Nistor consacr\u0103 un capitol \u00eentreg leg\u0103turilor cu ceea ce va deveni putin mai t\u00e2rziu Albania, insist\u00e2nd asupra posibilit\u0103\u0163ilor care rezultau at\u00e2t din similitudinile \u00eentre mi\u015fc\u0103rile de emancipare ale arom\u00e2nilor \u015fi ale albanezilor, c\u00e2t \u015fi din sprijinul acordat de Rom\u00e2nia celor din urm\u0103.<\/p>\n

Rela\u0163ia complex\u0103 \u00eentre statul rom\u00e2n, viitorul stat albanez \u015fi comunitatea arom\u00e2n\u0103 este tratat\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod tot at\u00e2t de realist pe c\u00e2t de nuan\u0163at\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Organizarea de tip cantonal [\u00eentr-o viitoare Albanie] ar fi fost cu at\u00e2t mai avantajoas\u0103 pentru valahi cu c\u00e2t ei urmau s\u0103 primeasc\u0103\u00a0 \u015fi sprijinul direct al statului rom\u00e2n. Diploma\u0163ia de la Bucure\u015fti dorea ca aceste prevederi s\u0103 fie incluse \u00een constitu\u0163ia Albaniei, fapt ce ar fi \u00eensemnat recunoa\u015fterea f\u0103r\u0103 echivoc a drepturilor comunit\u0103\u0163ii arom\u00e2ne. Proiectul con\u0163inea, \u00een opinia noastr\u0103, pericole reale pentru integritatea statului albanez, deoarece oferea antecedente\u00a0 ce puteau fi folosite \u015fi de alte na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163i\u00a0 pentru a-\u015fi cere dreptul la autonomie, ca prim pas spre desprinderea unor zone din Albania.\u00a0(\u2026)\u00a0Dac\u0103 ar fi s\u0103 analiz\u0103m nu at\u00e2t prevederile, c\u00e2t tonul acestor note diplomatice ajungem la concluzii interesante \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu obiectivele politicii externe rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. De\u015fi problema arom\u00e2n\u0103 a fost invocat\u0103 ca una principal\u0103, care a generat interesul Rom\u00e2niei pentru zona albanez\u0103, consider\u0103m c\u0103 scopul real al implic\u0103rii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti a fost asigurarea unei pozi\u0163ii privilegiate a Bucure\u015ftiului \u00een Balcani, a unui statut de principal\u0103 putere regional\u0103 pentru Rom\u00e2nia, pe fondul men\u0163inerii celorlalte\u00a0 state din regiune \u00een limitele teritoriale din 1912. Rom\u00e2nia nu avea un mijloc mai bun de interven\u0163ie \u00een Peninsul\u0103 dec\u00e2t spinoasa problem\u0103 a garant\u0103rii drepturilor membrilor comunit\u0103\u0163ii arom\u00e2ne. Dac\u0103-i reu\u015fea proiectul, atunci ob\u0163inea at\u00e2t pozi\u0163ia politic\u0103 \u015fi strategic\u0103 vizat\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi avantaje pentru etnia arom\u00e2n\u0103. \u00bb (11)
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

Chiar dac\u0103 acest proiect a e\u015fuat, Rom\u00e2nia a reu\u015fit s\u0103-\u015fi consolideze pozi\u0163ia pe plan regional. Renun\u0163area la drepturile etniei arom\u00e2ne a contribuit probabil \u00eentr-un mod deloc neglijabil la succesul modest dar real al diploma\u0163iei rom\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n

Desigur, \u00eentr-un asemenea domeniu lucrurile nu au cum s\u0103 se schimbe de pe o zi pe alta\u00a0; cartea lui I. Nistor are totu\u015fi toate \u015fansele, cred, s\u0103 marcheze o schimbare salutar\u0103 \u00een istoriografia rom\u00e2n\u0103 nu numai prin reconstituirea realist\u0103 a procesului istoric analizat si reevaluarea critic\u0103 care se impune retrospectiv ci \u015fi pe plan terminologic. Autorul abandoneaz\u0103 definitiv neologismele politice desemn\u00e2nd pe arom\u00e2ni \u00een Rom\u00e2nia p\u00e2na \u00een zilele noastre precum \u00ab\u00a0rom\u00e2nii din sud\u00a0\u00bb sau \u00ab\u00a0rom\u00e2nii balcanici\u00a0\u00bb sau chiar \u00ab\u00a0macedorom\u00e2ni\u00a0\u00bb. De fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd sunt evoca\u0163i, ei sunt numi\u0163i \u00ab\u00a0arom\u00e2ni\u00a0\u00bb, colectiv ei sunt prezenta\u0163i ca fiind o \u00ab\u00a0comunitate\u00a0\u00bb aparte, iar confuzia cu rom\u00e2nii at\u00e2t de la nord de Dun\u0103re, din Rom\u00e2nia, c\u00e2t \u015fi de la sudul fluviului, din Bulgaria \u015fi Serbia, este de la bun \u00eenceput \u00eenl\u0103turat\u0103. C\u00e2t despre alegerea notiunii de etnie pentru a desemna pe arom\u00e2ni, ea mi se pare \u00een ultim\u0103 analiz\u0103 judicioas\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 e discutabil\u0103.<\/p>\n

Nicolas Trifon<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

NOTES<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Max Demeter Peyfuss,\u00a0Chestiunea arom\u00e2neasc\u0103\u00a0: evolu\u0163ia ei de la origini p\u00e2na la pacea de la Bucure\u015fti (1913) \u015fi pozi\u0163ia Austro-Ungariei<\/i>, trad. N.-S. Tanasoca, av.-pr. Serban Papacostea, postf. M.D. Peyfuss, Bucure\u015fti, 1994.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Arhivele na\u0163ionale ale Rom\u00e2niei,\u00a0Rom\u00e2nii de la sud de Dunare\u00a0: documente<\/i>, coord. Stelian Brezeanu, Ghorghe Zbuchea, Bucarest, 1997.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0Recenzia ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een\u00a0Sud-Est cultural,\u00a0<\/i>ca o revist\u0103 de art\u0103, cultur\u0103 \u0219i civiliza\u021bie, n\u00b0 4 (2015)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0Ionu\u0163 Nistor,\u00a0Problema arom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een raporturile cu statele balcanice (1903-1913<\/i>), Ia\u015fi, 2009, p. 6.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0Ionu\u0163 Nistor,\u00a0op. cit<\/i>., p. 274.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0Id<\/i>., p. 248.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0Id<\/i>.., p. 247.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0Ta\u015fcu Trifon,\u00a0Congresul rom\u00e2nilor otomani \u0163inut la Bitolia \u00een zilele 10-11 iulie 1909 cu ocazia primei anivers\u0103ri a proclam\u0103rii Constitu\u0163ie<\/i>i, Bucure\u015fti, 1909.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0Ionu\u0163 Nistor,\u00a0op. cit<\/i>., p.\u00a0 143-144.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0Id<\/i>., p. 154.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0Id<\/i>., p. 266.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0Abandonarea\u00a0\u00bb arom\u00e2nilor cu ocazia semn\u0103rii p\u0103cii de la Bucure\u015fti \u00een 2013 a fost denun\u0163at\u0103 \u00een mai multe r\u00e2nduri, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 ca aceste critici, uneori dure dar izolate \u015fi formulate mai degrab\u0103 sub forma unor\u00a0cris du c\u0153ur, s\u0103 aib\u0103 vreo inciden\u0163\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 \u00een istoriografia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Aceasta din urm\u0103 a transmis p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre o imagine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-isturii"],"yoast_head":"\nIonu\u0163 Nistor, \u00ab Problema arom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00bb \u00een raporturile Rom\u00e2niei cu statele balcanice : o reevaluare critic\u0103 salutar\u0103 (Sud-Estul cultural, 4\/2015) - TRA ARMANAMI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/ionut-nistor-problema-aromana-in-raporturile-romaniei-cu-statele-balcanice-1903-1913-o-reevaluare-critica-salutara-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ionu\u0163 Nistor, \u00ab Problema arom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00bb \u00een raporturile Rom\u00e2niei cu statele balcanice : o reevaluare critic\u0103 salutar\u0103 (Sud-Estul cultural, 4\/2015) - TRA ARMANAMI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00ab\u00a0Abandonarea\u00a0\u00bb arom\u00e2nilor cu ocazia semn\u0103rii p\u0103cii de la Bucure\u015fti \u00een 2013 a fost denun\u0163at\u0103 \u00een mai multe r\u00e2nduri, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 ca aceste critici, uneori dure dar izolate \u015fi formulate mai degrab\u0103 sub forma unor\u00a0cris du c\u0153ur, s\u0103 aib\u0103 vreo inciden\u0163\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 \u00een istoriografia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. 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