{"id":117,"date":"2009-10-07T21:54:07","date_gmt":"2009-10-07T20:54:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/armanami.org\/blog\/?page_id=117"},"modified":"2009-10-07T21:54:07","modified_gmt":"2009-10-07T20:54:07","slug":"lectsiili-16-shi-17","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/cultura-armanasca\/cursuri-ti-scriari\/lectsiili-16-shi-17\/","title":{"rendered":"LECTSIILI 16 shi 17"},"content":{"rendered":"

LECTSIILI 16 shi 17 – SCRIAREA-A LITIR\u00c3LJEI U<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Litira u ari trei sonuri: <\/span>
\n(i) poati s-aib\u00e3 sonlu-timelj, di vocal\u00e3 u;
\n(ii) poati si s-avd\u00e3 muljat, ca vocal\u00e3 u, cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i dininti (tsi
\ns-avdi ma nu si scrii), va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, un son tsi si scrii u shi s-avdi ca un
\ndiftongu iu (semivocal\u00e3 i), shi
\n(iii) poati si s-avd\u00e3 (i s-nu s-avd\u00e3) ca un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u, cari poati si s\u00e3
\nscrii (ma poati shi s-nu si scrii), tu bitisita (ic\u00e3 tu mesea) di zboar\u00e3,
\nsingur\u00e3 i ca parti dit un diftongu i triftongu.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 1 di Timelj: Vocala u
\n(c\u00e3ndu s-avdi u, NU s-avdi ca diftongul iu)
\nVocala u poati si s-afl\u00e3: <\/span>
\n(i) Singur\u00e3 (un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 pronuntsat\u00e3 ahoryea, f\u00e3r\u00e3 alt\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 tu idyea
\nsilab\u00e3 ning\u00e3 ea) ca, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, tu zboar\u00e3li: a-sud, c\u00e3n-du, co-dru, lun-gu,
\nor-dzu, por-tu, pu-tea-ri, u-d\u00e3, u-l\u00f3g\/\u00f3-lug, sful-gu, etc. ic\u00e3
\n(ii) Deadun cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3, ca parti dit un diftongu iu, ui (vocal\u00e3 u,
\nsemivocal\u00e3 i), shi uu (protlu u vocal\u00e3, al doilea semivocal\u00e3) ca, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3,
\ntu zboar\u00e3li: a-pan-ghiu, chi-rui, ciu-mag, cu-ra-iuri, fui, giul-giu,
\nhiu-mu-ses-cu, id-yiu, is-chiu, iu-va, mis-tir-yiu, pla-iuri, scljin-ciu,
\nui-di-ses-cu, ve-duu, vi-dzui, zmel-ciu, etc. Poati si s-afl\u00e3 deadun sh-cu
\ndau\u00e3 semivocali i, ca parti dit triftongul iui (vocal\u00e3 u, semivocali i) tsi
\nlu-afl\u00e3m mash tu zboar\u00e3 compusi ca iu-i (= iu easti), bun\u00e3oar\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – Vocala u <\/span>
\n(i) dit bitisita-a zboar\u00e3lor, cari yini dup\u00e3 dau\u00e3 ic\u00e3 ma multi consoani,
\nsimpli i compusi, ic\u00e3 consoana complex\u00e3 x, shi <\/span>
\n(ii) vocala u cari s-afl\u00e3 tu mesea-a zboar\u00e3lor, <\/span>
\nlipseashti totna scriari (sh-atumtsea c\u00e3ndu s-avdi ca un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 ic\u00e3 nu
\ns-avdi dip, cu tuti c\u00e3 u easti un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3).
\nExceptsie va s-hib\u00e3 mash atumtsea c\u00e3ndu scriitorlu va s-u-aspun\u00e3 maxus c\u00e3
\nu-lu nu si scrii; ca, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, tu puizii, c\u00e3ndu ritmul va s-caft\u00e3 un\u00e3
\nsilab\u00e3 ma puts\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3: <\/span>
\n(1) Zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu cu vocala u tsi yini <\/span>
\n(i) dup\u00e3 dau\u00e3 (i ma multi) consoani simpli i compusi ic\u00e3 <\/span>
\n(ii) dup\u00e3 consoana complex\u00e3 x, <\/span>
\nlipsescu totna scriari ashi cum s-fatsi tu zboar\u00e3li: an-dar-tu, ar-hun-du,
\nar-m\u00e3-nes-cu, as-pru, c\u00e3n-du, chi-pru, cor-bu, lu-xu, or-bu, pi-xu,
\npl\u00e3n-gu, por-tu, pr\u00e3n-dzu, sfun-gu, shtum-bu, tser-bu, tu-ches-cu, tur-cu,
\num-plu, ur-ghes-cu, vl\u00e3n-gu, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari ca: an-dart, ar-hund,
\nar-m\u00e3-nesc, aspr, c\u00e3nd, chipr, corb, lux, orb, pix, pl\u00e3ng, port, pr\u00e3ndz,
\nsfung, shtumb, tserb, tu-chesc, turc, umpl, ur-ghesc, vl\u00e3ng, etc. cu tuti
\nc\u00e3 poati si s-avd\u00e3 ashi. B\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3, atumtsea c\u00e3ndu semivocala u yini
\ndup\u00e3 sonlu l\/r, pronuntsarea-a zboar\u00e3lor nu easti lishoar\u00e3.
\n(2) Zboar\u00e3li cari au un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 u tu mesi, tsi poati si s-avd\u00e3 sh-ca un\u00e3
\nsemivocal\u00e3 ic\u00e3 s-nu s-avd\u00e3 dip, lipsescu scriari cu u, ca tu zboar\u00e3li:
\ncu-ru-n\u00e3, mu-lja-ri\/mu-lja-re, pu-ts\u00e3n, etc. Eali nu lipsescu scriari ca:
\ncru-n\u00e3, mlja-ri, mtream, pts\u00e3n, etc. diper atumtsea c\u00e3ndu scriitorlu va s-u
\nfac\u00e3 maxus. <\/span>
\nBun\u00e3oar\u00e3, fraza: “easti mushat\u00e3 sh-dup\u00e3 puts\u00e3n chiro va-lj bag curuna sh-va
\nu mutrescu ghini\u2026” nu va scriari: “easti mshat\u00e3 sh-dup\u00e3 pts\u00e3n chiro va-lj
\nbag cruna sh-va u mtrescu ghini \u2026” cu tuti c\u00e3 tu zbur\u00e3ri, di ma multili
\nori, semivocala u nu s-avdi. B\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li mushat\u00e3, puts\u00e3n,
\ncuruna shi mutrescu, au n\u00e3intea-a lor un zbor tsi bitiseashti cu un\u00e3
\nvocal\u00e3, sh-aestu lucru fatsi mult cama lishoar\u00e3 pronuntsarea-a zboar\u00e3lor
\nca: mshat\u00e3, pts\u00e3n, cruna shi mtrescu.
\nNota 1 – Vocala u va s-avd\u00e3 ca un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 sh-lipseashti totna scriari,
\nc\u00e3ndu zborlu s-leag\u00e3 cu-un\u00e3 cratim\u00e3 di zborlu di dup\u00e3 el, sh-c\u00e3ndu aestu
\nzbor dit soni nchiseashti cu un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 (ma multu a shi u). <\/span>
\nBun\u00e3oar\u00e3, vocala u dit bitisita-a zborlui pr\u00e3ndzu, c\u00e3ndu s-avdi ca un\u00e3
\nsemivocal\u00e3 u shi s-afl\u00e3 ligat\u00e3 di zborlu di dup\u00e3 el, lipseashti s-hib\u00e3
\ntotna scriat\u00e3 ca tu expresiili: “mi dush tri pr\u00e3ndzu-acas\u00e3 la el”, ic\u00e3
\n“mi-aveam dus\u00e3-acas\u00e3 la el tri pr\u00e3ndzu-un\u00e3 sear\u00e3”. Aesti expresii nu
\nlipsescu scriari: “mi dush tri pr\u00e3ndz-acas\u00e3 la el”, ic\u00e3 “mi-aveam
\ndus\u00e3-acas\u00e3 la el tri pr\u00e3ndz-un\u00e3 sear\u00e3”, nec\u00e3 n-ariseashti s-videm scriat\u00e3:
\n“mi-aveam dus\u00e3-acas\u00e3 la el tri pr\u00e3ndzu n\u00e3 sear\u00e3”.
\nNota 2 – Tu zboar\u00e3li dit aest\u00e3 sectsie, diftongul iu (semivocal\u00e3 i, vocal\u00e3
\nu) nu easti idyiul diftongu iu (vocal\u00e3 i, semivocal\u00e3 u) tsi lu-afl\u00e3m tu
\nzboar\u00e3 ca: ar-niu, c\u00e3r-ci-liu, c\u00e3r-di-liu, hiu, ir-njiu, scriu, shtiu,
\nsti-hiu, ti-riu, u-ra-niu, etc. Nec\u00e3 easti idyiul cu combinatsia di litiri
\niu (semivocali i shi u). Dup\u00e3 cum aspusim sh-tu lectsia-a vocal\u00e3ljei i,
\nsemivocala u (vedz sonlu 3 di ma nghios) nu lipseashti scriari.
\nSonlu 2: Vocala Muljat\u00e3 u <\/span>
\n(c\u00e3ndu s-avdi, ma NU si scrii, ca diftongul iu)
\nC\u00e3ndu litira u s-afl\u00e3 dup\u00e3 consoanili simpli i compusi j, sh, lj, shi nj –
\ncari s-avdu cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i tu bitisit\u00e3 tsi nu si scrii – litira u
\ns-moalji shi, cu tuti c\u00e3 si scrii u, s-pronunts\u00e3 ca diftongul iu.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – Sonlu iu (semivocal\u00e3 i, vocal\u00e3 u) tsi yini dup\u00e3 consoanili simpli
\ni compusi j, sh, lj shi nj, lipseashti totna scriari u, v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 nu va
\nscriari iu.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, zboar\u00e3li di ma nghios lipsescu totna scriari ca: ac-shu,
\na-lep-shu, a-lju-rea, a-ljum-trea, a-nju-riz-m\u00e3, c\u00e3-ljuri, cu-shu-ri,
\ndzi-nu-clju, h\u00e3-njuri, li-shu-redz, mi-t\u00e3-nju-si-ri, mush-clju, pap-nju,
\no-clju, or-nju, shu-be-i, shu-mu-ronj, shu-ri-chits, shuts, te-ljuri,
\nv\u00e3-ljuri, znju-r\u00e3, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari ca: ac-shiu, a-lep-shiu,
\na-ljiu-rea, a-ljium-trea, a-njiu-riz-m\u00e3, c\u00e3-ljiuri, cu-shiu-ri,
\ndzi-nu-cljiu, h\u00e3-njiuri, li-shiu-redz, mi-t\u00e3-njiu-si-ri, mush-cljiu,
\npap-njiu, o-cljiu, or-njiu, shiu-be-i, shiu-mu-ronj, shiu-ri-chits, shiuts,
\nte-ljiuri, v\u00e3-ljiuri, znjiu-r\u00e3, etc.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 3: Semivocala u
\nSemivocala u poati si s-avd\u00e3, ma poati shi s-nu s-avd\u00e3, si s\u00e3 scrii, ma
\npoati shi s-nu si scrii, dup\u00e3 cum u-aspunem tu regula di ma nghios.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – (1) Zboar\u00e3li masculini (shi niutri) tsi bitisescu la singular cu
\nun diftongu au, \u00e3u, eu, iu, ou shi uu, (vocal\u00e3 a\/\u00e3\/e\/i\/o\/u tu nchisit\u00e3,
\nsemivocal\u00e3 u tu bitisit\u00e3), lipsescu scriari cu semivocala u. <\/span>
\nSingura exceptsie easti cu zboar\u00e3li cari au dau\u00e3 varianti: <\/span>
\n(i) un\u00e3 variant\u00e3 tsi bitiseashti cu diftongul au\/\u00e3u\/eu\/iu\/ou (vocal\u00e3
\na\/\u00e3\/e\/i\/o, semivocal\u00e3 u) shi <\/span>
\n(ii) alt\u00e3 variant\u00e3 cari bitiseashti cu vocala a\/\u00e3\/e\/i\/o actsintuat\u00e3. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala u, va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, mash tu forma-a
\ndau\u00e3ljei variant\u00e3.
\n(2) Semivocala u nu lipseashti scriari c\u00e3ndu <\/span>
\n(i) s-avdi (ma cari, tu ndau\u00e3 grai poati shi s-nu s-avd\u00e3) tu coada-a
\nsubstantivilor masculini (shi niutri) la singular, a adjectivilor, a
\nformilor verbali, etc. sh-c\u00e3ndu <\/span>
\n(ii) yini dup\u00e3 diftongul ic\u00e3 triftongul ai, oi, shi eai (vocal\u00e3 a\/o shi
\nsemivocal\u00e3 e\/i), shi sonurli ci, gi, hi, chi, ghi shi yi (semivocal\u00e3 i).
\n(3) Semivocala u nu lipseashti scriari: <\/span>
\n(i) c\u00e3ndu poati si s-avd\u00e3 di multi ori (ma nu totna) tu coada-a
\nsubstantivilor masculini (shi niutri) la singular, a adjectivilor, a
\nformilor verbali, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(ii) c\u00e3ndu yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3 consoan\u00e3 (nu dau\u00e3 i ma multi), simpl\u00e3 i
\ncompus\u00e3 (ma nu consoanili lj\/nj, nec\u00e3 consoana complex\u00e3 x).
\n(4) Substantivili (masculini shi niutri), adgectivili (masculini) shi
\nformili verbali tsi bitisescu cu lj shi nj shi s-avdu cu un son iu
\n(semivocali i shi u) tu bitisit\u00e3, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocalili i shi u.
\nExceptsii pot si s-fac\u00e3 atumtsea c\u00e3ndu <\/span>
\n(i) scriitorlu va s-u va maxus ca zborlu si s-pronunts\u00e3 cu un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3
\nsh-nu cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u shi c\u00e3ndu <\/span>
\n(ii) semivocala u si scrii c\u00e3 s-leag\u00e3 cu un\u00e3 cratim\u00e3 di zborlu tsi yini
\ndup\u00e3 ea.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3
\n(1) Zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu cu un diftongu au, \u00e3u, eu, iu, ou shi uu,
\n(vocal\u00e3 a\/\u00e3\/e\/i\/o\/u tu nchisit\u00e3, semivocal\u00e3 u tu soni), lipsescu scriari cu
\nsemivocala u tu bitisit\u00e3. Ashi avem zboar\u00e3 ca: a-r\u00e3u, a-reu, as-chi-tiu,
\nbeu, ca-ra-beu, cu-leu, cur-cu-beu, di-pis-ta-neu, g\u00e3b-jeu, greu, ir-njiu,
\nli-mu-njeu, meu, diz-nou, seu, sil-viu, siv-da-liu, sti-hiu, ti-riu,
\nu-vreu, va-iu, ve-duu, viu, zmeu, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu s-avdu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala u. <\/span>
\nMa zboar\u00e3li cari au sh-un\u00e3 variant\u00e3 cu semivocala u tsi nu s-avdi, zboar\u00e3
\nca: a-gea-miu\/a-gea-mi, b\u00e3-c\u00e3-l\u00e3u\/b\u00e3-c\u00e3-l\u00e3, chi-rou\/chi-ro, h\u00e3z-n\u00e3u\/h\u00e3z-n\u00e3,
\ni-na-ciu\/i-na-ci, sa-deu\/sa-de, z\u00e3-n\u00e3t-ciu\/z\u00e3-n\u00e3t-ci, etc. lipsescu totna
\nscriari shi pronuntsari f\u00e3r\u00e3 u, ca: a-gea-mi, b\u00e3-c\u00e3-l\u00e3, chi-ro, h\u00e3z-n\u00e3,
\ni-na-ci, sa-de, z\u00e3-n\u00e3t-ci, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari cu u, ca: a-gea-miu, b\u00e3-c\u00e3-l\u00e3u,
\nchi-rou, h\u00e3z-n\u00e3u, i-na-ciu, sa-deu, z\u00e3-n\u00e3t-ciu, etc.<\/p>\n

(2) Substantivili masculini (shi niutri) la singular, adjectivili, formili
\nverbali, etc. cari bitisescu cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u tsi yini dup\u00e3 diftongul
\nic\u00e3 triftongul ai, oi, shi eai (vocal\u00e3 a\/o shi semivocal\u00e3 e\/i), lipsescu
\nscriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala u, ca zboar\u00e3li: (mini) a-c\u00e3-tsai, (mini) a-drai,
\na-mi-ra-lai\/mi-ra-lai, a-r\u00e3z-boi, a-roi, bu-du-vai, bu-geai, cu-rai,
\nfi-teai, g\u00e3-dz\u00e3-moi, grai, ha-ra-mu-fai, lai, Mai, ma-ra-doi, mir-yiu-loi,
\nn\u00e3-vai, (mini) pur-tai, rai\/a-rai, plai, proi, sa-ra-cu-fai, su-mu-lai,
\nti-hi-lai, ti-ru-fai, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari: (mini) a-c\u00e3-tsaiu, (mini)
\na-draiu, a-mi-ra-laiu\/mi-ra-laiu, a-r\u00e3z-boiu, a-roiu, bu-du-vaiu, bu-geaiu,
\ncu-raiu, fi-teaiu, g\u00e3-dz\u00e3-moiu, graiu, ha-ra-mu-faiu, laiu, Maiu,
\nma-ra-doiu, mir-yiu-loiu, n\u00e3-vaiu, (mini) pur-taiu, raiu\/a-raiu, plaiu,
\nproiu, sa-ra-cu-faiu, su-mu-laiu, ti-hi-laiu, ti-ru-faiu, etc.
\nNota 1 – C\u00e3ndu suntu masculini, ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 di ma nsus fac pluralu idyea
\nsoe; mash c\u00e3 semivocala u dit bitisit\u00e3 nu s-mata avdi. Pluralu-a aishtor
\nzboar\u00e3 si ngr\u00e3pseashti un\u00e3 soe cu singularlu, va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, si scrii ca tu
\nzboar\u00e3li: bu-geai, ma-ra-doi, etc. Tut un\u00e3 soe poati si s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 shi
\npluralu di la ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 niutri. Mash c\u00e3 eali nu s-pronunts\u00e3 idyea soi:
\nsemivocala i dit soni, s-fatsi vocal\u00e3 i. <\/span>
\nBun\u00e3oar\u00e3, ashi avem zboar\u00e3 niutri la plural ca: bu-du-va-i, gra-i
\n(gra-iuri), n\u00e3-va-i (n\u00e3-va-iuri), ti-ru-fa-i, etc.
\nNota 2 – Avem shi zboar\u00e3 tsi bitisescu cu ai\/oi, tr\u00e3 cari sonlu i dit soni
\neasti vocal\u00e3 shi s-avdi f\u00e3r\u00e3 u-shcurtu tu coad\u00e3. Mash c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li:
\n(i) suntu fiminini la singular, nu masculini, zboar\u00e3 ca: ca-to-i\/ca-to-yi,
\ncum-bu-lo-i\/cum-bu-lo-yi, etc. <\/span>
\n(ii) suntu substantivi la plural, nu la singular ca: boi, oi, etc. <\/span>
\n(iii) formi verbali la persoana-a daua, nu la prota persoan\u00e3 ca: (tini)
\na-c\u00e3-tsai, (tini) a-drai, (tini) shi-deai, (tini) vreai, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(iv) alti zboar\u00e3 ca n\u00e3-poi, voi, a-poi, etc.<\/p>\n

(3) Substantivili masculini (shi niutri) la singular, adjectivili, formi
\nverbali, etc. cari bitisescu cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u tsi yini dup\u00e3 sonurli ci,
\nshi gi (semivocal\u00e3 i), lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala u, ca zboar\u00e3li:
\na-rici (prici), a-rici (g\u00e3rnuts), as-cum-tici, ba-ljaci, c\u00e3r-nici,
\nc\u00e3r-ni-coci, c\u00e3r-paci, cu-cu-lici, cu-paci, cu-ragi, feci, g\u00e3r-baci,
\nghiu-mici, ghiu-veci, li-cu-rici, pi-ti-cuci, poci (stamn\u00e3), poci (njic),
\nst\u00e3n-gaci, t\u00e3l-maci, tuci, tungi, u-raci, zvici, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari cu semivocala u, ca: a-riciu (prici),
\na-riciu (g\u00e3rnuts), as-cum-ticiu, ba-ljaciu, c\u00e3r-niciu, c\u00e3r-ni-cociu,
\nc\u00e3r-paciu, cu-cu-liciu, cu-paciu, cu-ragiu, feciu, g\u00e3r-baciu, ghiu-miciu,
\nghiu-veciu, li-cu-riciu, pi-ti-cuciu, pociu (stamn\u00e3), pociu (njic),
\nst\u00e3n-gaciu, t\u00e3l-maciu, tuciu, tungiu, u-raciu, zviciu, etc. <\/span>
\nNota 1 – C\u00e3ndu suntu masculini, pluralu di la ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 si scrii idyea
\nsoe cu singularlu; mash c\u00e3 pluralu nu s-avdi cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u tu
\nbitisit\u00e3. Ashi avem zboar\u00e3li masculini la plural: a-rici (prici), ba-ljaci,
\nc\u00e3r-paci, cu-paci, li-cu-rici, poci (njic), st\u00e3n-gaci, t\u00e3l-maci, u-raci,
\netc. Zborlu tuci, nu ari plural. <\/span>
\nTut un\u00e3 soe poati si s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 shi pluralu di la ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 niutri.
\nMash c\u00e3 eali nu s-pronunts\u00e3 idyea soi: semivocala i dit soni, s-fatsi
\nvocal\u00e3. Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, ashi avem zboar\u00e3li niutri la plural ca: a-ri-ci
\n(g\u00e3rnuts\u00e3), as-cum-ti-ci, c\u00e3r-ni-ci, c\u00e3r-ni-coa-ci, cu-cu-li-ci, g\u00e3r-ba-ci,
\nghiu-mi-ci, ghiu-ve-ci, pi-ti-cu-ci, poa-ci, tun-giuri, zvi-ci, etc. Zborlu
\ncu-ragi nu-ari plural.
\nNota 2 – Tu-aest\u00e3 clas\u00e3 di zboar\u00e3, masculini shi niutri, sonlu iu easti
\nfaptu di dau\u00e3 semivocali, i shi u. Avem shi alt\u00e3 soe di:
\n(i) zboar\u00e3 tsi bitisescu cu diftongul iu (vocala i, semivocala u, ca tu
\nzborlu c\u00e3rciliu; ic\u00e3 semivocala i, vocala u, ca tu zboar\u00e3li giulgiu shi
\nzmelciu), <\/span>
\n(ii) zboar\u00e3 masculini tsi bitisescu cu vocala i, cu actsentu (ca zboar\u00e3li
\nchiragi shi z\u00e3n\u00e3tci), shi <\/span>
\n(iii) zboar\u00e3 fiminini tsi bitisescu cu vocala i f\u00e3r\u00e3 actsentu (ca tu zborlu
\nborgi).<\/p>\n

(4) Substantivili masculini (shi niutri) la singular, adjectivili, formili
\nverbali, etc. cari bitisescu cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u tsi yini dup\u00e3 sonurli hi,
\nchi, ghi shi yi, (semivocal\u00e3 i), lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala u, ashi
\ncum si scriu zboar\u00e3li: (mini) a-prochi, (mini) as-cuchi, a-vlachi, a-xayi,
\nayi, c\u00e3-l\u00e3m-bu-chi, cochi, cohi, prochi, psohi, v\u00e3-rachi, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari cu semivocala u ca: (mini)
\na-prochiu, (mini) as-cuchiu, a-vlachiu, a-xayiu, ayiu, c\u00e3-l\u00e3m-bu-chiu,
\ncochiu, cohiu, prochiu, psohiu, v\u00e3-rachiu, etc.
\nNota 1 – Aesti zboar\u00e3 (substantivi shi adgectivi) au pluralu – di multi ori
\nma nu totna – cu sonlu i tu bitisit\u00e3 (semivocal\u00e3 c\u00e3ndu zborlu easti
\nmasculin shi vocal\u00e3 c\u00e3ndu easti niutru), un i tsi s-pronunts\u00e3 mash i, nu
\ns-pronunts\u00e3 iu. <\/span>
\nTr-atsea, tr\u00e3 ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 di ma nsus, pluralu s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseashti idyea soe cu
\nsingularlu: ayi, c\u00e3-l\u00e3m-bu-chi, cochi, prochi, psohi, stri-prochi,
\nv\u00e3-r\u00e3chi, etc. <\/span>
\nB\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li avlachi shi v\u00e3rachi si scriu (ma nu s-pronunts\u00e3)
\nun\u00e3 soi la niutru singular (a-vlachi, v\u00e3-rachi) shi la fiminin singular
\n(a-vla-chi, v\u00e3-ra-chi).
\nNota 2 – La persoana 2, formili verbali di ma nsus fac: (tini) a-prochi,
\n(tini) as-cuchi, etc. iu semivocala i dit soni s-avdi f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u
\ndup\u00e3 ea.<\/p>\n

(5) Substantivili masculini (shi niutri) la singular, adjectivili, formili
\nverbali, etc. cari bitisescu cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u tsi yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3
\nconsoan\u00e3 (nu dau\u00e3 i ma multi), simpl\u00e3 i compus\u00e3 (ma nu consoanili lj\/nj,
\nnec\u00e3 consoana complex\u00e3 x), lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala u. <\/span>
\nAshi avem zboar\u00e3 ca: (mini) a-vredz, a-crish, a-crit, a-di-ljat, a-gra-mat,
\na-rar, ar-m\u00e3n, a-rosh, a-ush, az-gher, \u00e3n-fash, \u00e3n-gljets, \u00e3n-grash,
\n\u00e3n-vets, ba-ba-gean, ba-gav, b\u00e3-nedz, b\u00e3r-bat, bash, brats, bu-its, bush,
\nc\u00e3-pos, ca-ra-ghios, c\u00e3r-v\u00e3-nar, cash, c\u00e3s-tr\u00e3-vets, c\u00e3-tush, c\u00e3-tu-shits,
\nchis-chin, chi-trish, ci-li-par, ci-resh (pomlu), co-luv, cu-cosh (pomlu),
\ndiz-gljets, dur-njit, dush-man, fu-dul, fu-dzit, g\u00e3r-nuts, giu-dets, glar,
\ngru-madz, h\u00e3-ri-os, ha-rish, h\u00e3r-sit, i-ni-mos, lu-credz, m\u00e3r-cat,
\nmin-ghiush, min-ti-men, mi-xos, mur-dar, mut, muts, ni-pot, njedz, num-tar,
\npi-cu-rar, pi-ri-fan, prash, prot, puts, sclav, scos, shed, shush, slab,
\nsots, su-flit, tri-cut, us-pets, u-vedz, vrut, xen, zlot, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari cu semivocala u ca: a-vredzu,
\na-crishu, a-critu, a-di-ljatu, a-gra-matu, a-raru, ar-m\u00e3nu, a-roshu,
\na-ushu, az-gheru, \u00e3n-fashu, \u00e3n-gljetsu, \u00e3n-grashu, \u00e3n-vetsu, ba-ba-geanu,
\nba-gavu, b\u00e3-nedzu, b\u00e3r-batu, bashu, bratsu, bu-itsu, bushu, c\u00e3-posu,
\nca-ra-ghiosu, c\u00e3r-v\u00e3-naru, cashu, c\u00e3s-tr\u00e3-vetsu, c\u00e3-tushu, c\u00e3-tu-shitsu,
\nchis-chinu, chi-trishu, ci-li-paru, ci-reshu (pomlu), co-luvu, cu-coshu
\n(pomlu), diz-gljetsu, dur-njitu, dush-manu, fu-dulu, fu-dzitu, g\u00e3r-nutsu,
\ngiu-detsu, glaru, gru-madzu, h\u00e3-ri-osu, ha-rishu, h\u00e3r-situ, i-ni-mosu,
\nlu-credzu, m\u00e3r-catu, min-ghiushu, min-ti-menu, mi-xosu, mur-daru, mutu,
\nmutsu, ni-potu, njedzu, num-taru, pi-cu-raru, pi-ri-fanu, prashu, protu,
\nputsu, sclavu, scosu, shedu, shushu, slabu, sotsu, su-flitu, tri-cutu,
\nus-petsu, u-vedzu, vrutu, xenu, zlotu, etc.<\/p>\n

(6) Substantivili (masculini shi niutri), adgectivili (masculini) shi
\nformili verbali tsi <\/span>
\n(i) bitisescu cu lj shi nj shi <\/span>
\n(ii) s-avdu cu un son iu (semivocali i shi u) tu bitisit\u00e3, <\/span>
\nlipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocalili i shi u. Ashi avem zboar\u00e3 ca: (mini)
\na-dilj, a-molj, (mini) as-talj, (mini) \u00e3n-cur-pilj, \u00e3n-t\u00e3nj, bir-bilj,
\nbrus-conj, c\u00e3l-c\u00e3nj, c\u00e3-pi-tunj, c\u00e3s-t\u00e3nj (pomlu), cin-ghelj, (mini)
\ndis-polj, (mini) diz-malj, fi-talj, fi-sulj, g\u00e3-dz\u00e3-molj, g\u00e3-tunj (pomlu),
\ngrunj, gur-gulj, hilj, m\u00e3-chelj, (mini) molj, mush-conj, n\u00e3-malj, palj,
\npi-ponj, pronj, pulj, schi-ponj, shonj, shu-mu-ronj, sir-vilj, (mini) talj,
\ntilj, tsir-bonj, v\u00e3n-ghelj, vi-tulj, vul-ponj, etc. <\/span>
\nTuti aesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari cu semivocalili i shi u ca:
\na-diljiu, a-moljiu, as-taljiu, \u00e3n-cur-piljiu, \u00e3n-t\u00e3njiu, bir-biljiu,
\nbrus-conjiu, c\u00e3l-c\u00e3njiu, c\u00e3-pi-tunjiu, c\u00e3s-t\u00e3nj (pomlu), cin-gheljiu,
\ndis-poljiu, diz-maljiu, fi-taljiu, fi-suljiu, g\u00e3-dz\u00e3-moljiu, g\u00e3-tunjiu
\n(pomlu), grunjiu, gur-guljiu, hiljiu, m\u00e3-cheljiu, moljiu, mush-conjiu,
\nn\u00e3-maljiu, paljiu, pi-ponjiu, pronjiu, puljiu, schi-ponjiu, shonjiu,
\nshu-mu-ronjiu, sir-viljiu, taljiu, tiljiu, tsir-bonjiu, v\u00e3n-gheljiu,
\nvi-tuljiu, vul-ponjiu, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu nec\u00e3 scriari mash cu semivocala u ca: (mini)
\na-dilju, a-molju, as-talju, \u00e3n-cur-pilju, \u00e3n-t\u00e3nju, bir-bilju, brus-conju,
\nc\u00e3l-c\u00e3nju, c\u00e3-pi-tunju, c\u00e3s-t\u00e3nj (pomlu), cin-ghelju, dis-polju, diz-malju,
\nfi-talju, fi-sulju, g\u00e3-dz\u00e3-molju, g\u00e3-tunju (pomlu), grunju, gur-gulju,
\nhilju, m\u00e3-chelju, molju, mush-conju, n\u00e3-malju, palju, pi-ponju, pronju,
\npulju, schi-ponju, shonju, shu-mu-ronju, sir-vilju, talju, tilju,
\ntsir-bonju, v\u00e3n-ghelju, vi-tulju, vul-ponju, etc.
\nNota 1 – Di multi ori, zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus au pluralu cu sonlu i tu
\nbitisit\u00e3 (semivocal\u00e3 tsi nu si scrii, c\u00e3ndu zborlu easti masculin shi
\nvocal\u00e3 tsi si scrii, c\u00e3ndu easti niutru), son i tsi s-pronunts\u00e3 mash i, nu
\ns-pronunts\u00e3 iu. <\/span>
\nAshi avem zboar\u00e3li tr\u00e3 cari pluralu s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseashti: bir-bilj, brus-conj,
\nc\u00e3l-c\u00e3-nji, c\u00e3-pi-tu-nji, c\u00e3s-t\u00e3nj (pomlu), fi-ta-lji, fi-su-lji, g\u00e3-tunj
\n(pomlu), gru-nji, gur-gulj\/gur-gu-lji, hilj, mush-conj, n\u00e3-ma-lji, pa-lji,
\npi-ponj, pronj\/proa-nji, pulj, schi-ponj, shonj, shu-mu-ronj, sir-vilj,
\ntilj, tsir-bonj, vi-tulj, vul-ponj, etc.
\nNota 2 – La persoana 2, formili verbali di ma nsus fac: (tini) a-dilj,
\n(tini) as-talj, (tini) \u00e3n-cur-pilj, (tini) dis-polj, (tini) diz-malj,
\n(tini) molj, (tini) talj, etc. zboar\u00e3 cari s-avdu cu semivocala i tu soni
\nma f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u. <\/span>
\nExceptsii – (i) C\u00e3tiv\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3, u-lu shcurtu dit un zbor, poati si
\ns-al\u00e3xeasc\u00e3 tu un u-lungu. Aest\u00e3 poati si s-fac\u00e3 tu un\u00e3 puizii, iu ritmul a
\nversului poati s-caft\u00e3 un\u00e3 silab\u00e3 ma nsus, i tu zbur\u00e3ri shi scriari, c\u00e3ndu
\nscriitorlu va maxus ca zborlu si s-pronunts\u00e3 cu un u-lungu, tu loc di un
\nu-shcurtu. Tr-atsea, niscriarea-a u-lui shcurtu shi scriarea-a u-lui lungu,
\nagiut\u00e3 la dyiv\u00e3sirea, cum lipseashti, a zborlui. <\/span>
\n(ii) Cu tuti c\u00e3, tu regula-a noastr\u00e3, va c\u00e3ft\u00e3m ca u-lu shcurtu dit
\nbitisit\u00e3 s-nu si scrii, va lj-al\u00e3s\u00e3m scriarea, c\u00e3ndu un zbor tsi
\nbitiseashti cu u-shcurtu s-leag\u00e3 cu un\u00e3 cratim\u00e3 di zborlu tsi yini dup\u00e3 el,
\nsh-c\u00e3ndu aestu zbor dit soni nchiseashti cu un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 (ma multu a shi u). <\/span>
\nBun\u00e3oar\u00e3, u-lu dit sonea-a zboar\u00e3lor ar\u00e3zboi, aprochi shi cupaci, tsi
\ns-avdi shcurtu shi nu s\u00e3 scrii, poati si s\u00e3 scrii c\u00e3ndu s-afl\u00e3 ligat, cu
\nun\u00e3 cratim\u00e3, di zborlu di din\u00e3poi, tu expresii ca: “am un ar\u00e3zboiu-arosh”,
\n“mini aprochiu-atsel om” ic\u00e3 “vidzui un cupaciu-analtu”. <\/span>
\nB\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3 tu-aesti exempli, litirli u-a, s-avdu deadun ca un diftongu
\nsh-tr-atsea si scriu dau\u00e3li sonuri.<\/p>\n

PRUBLEM\u00c3
\nTu-aest\u00e3 prublem\u00e3 va d\u00e3m un textu loat dit un pirmith di Kira Mantsu, tu
\ncari va si s-afl\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 tsi nu suntu scriati dup\u00e3 regulili di Bituli.
\nLucrul a cititorlui va s-hib\u00e3 ca s-li afl\u00e3 aesti zboar\u00e3, s-li ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3
\ndup\u00e3 regulili a noastri shi s-afl\u00e3 tsi reguli avem c\u00e3lcat\u00e3. Prublema va
\ns-aib\u00e3 dau\u00e3 p\u00e3rts\u00e3.
\n(i) Partea 1 – Zboar\u00e3li sumliniati dit textu suntu zboar\u00e3 iu regulili
\naspusi p\u00e3n\u00e3 tora tu lectsiile 2-15 dit cursul a nostru (n\u00e3intea-a
\nlectsiilor 16 shi 17 di adz\u00e3 a litir\u00e3ljei u) fur\u00e3 c\u00e3lcati. Cititorlu easti
\np\u00e3l\u00e3c\u00e3rsit s-li scrii aesti zboar\u00e3 cum lipseashti sh-deapoea s-afl\u00e3, tr\u00e3
\ncati zbor sumliniat, cari easti regula tsi fu c\u00e3lcat\u00e3.
\n(ii) Partea II – Cititorlu lipseashti s-li afl\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li iu regulili dit
\nlectsiili 16 shi 17 di adz\u00e3 fur\u00e3 c\u00e3lcati, s-li ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 aesti zboar\u00e3 cum
\nlipseashti sh-tu soni s-afl\u00e3 tsi regul\u00e3 tsi avem c\u00e3lcat\u00e3 tu scriari.<\/p>\n

PARTEA 1
\n(textu loat dit: Kira Mantsu – Pirmithi di sumu Aumbra Cupaciului – Zborlu
\na Nostru, Anlu XIII, Nr. 1 1996, padz. 5)
\nTora, dup\u00e3 ah\u00e3nts\u00e3 anj voi s-nji aducu aminti atseali pirmithi tsi-nj li
\ndz\u00e3tsea paplu, sum aumbra cupaciului… Aoa, eara mashi loclu-a nostru,
\nlumea noastr\u00e3, mashi a noastr\u00e3… Veara, aumbra cupaciului c\u00e3dea pisti noi,
\nshi io cu paplu intram tu-un\u00e3 lumi nicunuscut\u00e3. Dealihea i nidealihea eara
\natsea lumi? Eara “lucri” tsi li scutea di mintea lui? Tsi importants\u00e3 avea?
\nIo, fitica di-atumtsea, b\u00e3namu sum aumbra cupaciului tu-un\u00e3 lumi-mplin\u00e3 di
\nfric\u00e3 shi ciudie, di-antribari f\u00e3r\u00e3 cljealje tr\u00e3 mintea mea di cilimeanu…
\nPaplu spunea pirmithi cu amiradz, cu oaminj mintimenj shi glari, cu feati
\nshi ficiori alepts\u00e3… Eara, poati, pirmithi tsi li-ascultar\u00e3 tuts
\nficiuritslji di pi-aest\u00e3 lumi!… Ma multu iarna, c\u00e3ndu nopts\u00e3li eara
\nlundz\u00e3, n-adunamu ninga focu tuts nipotsljii: io, nai ma marea, sor-mea
\nTana, frati-nju Mina, taifa-ali teta Tan\u00e3: Lenca, Ora, Mina, shi ficiorljii
\nali teta Cuda: Steryiul, Mina shi Yioryi… Tati shi doauli sur\u00e3ri a lui,
\nTana shi Cuda, au c\u00e3ti un ficior tsi poart\u00e3 numa-alu papu: Mina! Mashi nai
\nma njca sor\u00e3 alu tati, teta Tsona, b\u00e3na alargu di noi… Aest\u00e3 t\u00e3b\u00e3bie di
\ncilimeanj n-adunamu sear\u00e3 di sear\u00e3 shi, cu gurili c\u00e3scati, mutream paplu
\ntsi dipina un gljemu m\u00e3yipsitu, nividzutu: pirmithlu. Poati shi-alts\u00e3
\np\u00e3p\u00e3nj shtiu s\u00e3 spun\u00e3 pirmithi a nipotslor, ma, ashi cum li spunea paplu-a
\nnostru, nu pistipsescu s-poat\u00e3 mults\u00e3!… Shi-ahulea mustaca, b\u00e3ga m\u00e3na tu
\nsupani, ascutea t\u00e3tumea shi cartea shi-ahurhea sh-fac\u00e3 tsigarea… Noi, cu
\nocljii pi m\u00e3na lui, niar\u00e3vd\u00e3tori s-anchisim pi nicunuscuta cali a
\npirmithlui… Iu va n\u00e3 duc\u00e3 adz\u00e3 paplu? La Amir\u00e3lu Aroshu, la izvurlu iu
\ns-batu munts\u00e3lj, la f\u00e3nt\u00e3na iu veaglje lamnja cu multi capiti?<\/p>\n

DIZLIGAREA-A PRUBLEM\u00c3LJEI: PARTEA 1
\n(zboar\u00e3li tsi-avea c\u00e3lcat\u00e3 reguli dit lectsiili 2-15 fur\u00e3 scriati cum
\nlipseashti)
\nTora, dup\u00e3 ah\u00e3nts\u00e3 anj voi s-nji aducu aminti atseali pirmithi tsi-nj li
\ndz\u00e3tsea paplu, sum aumbra-a cupaciului… Aoa, eara mash loclu-a nostru,
\nlumea-a noastr\u00e3, mash a noastr\u00e3… Veara, aumbra-a cupaciului c\u00e3dea pisti
\nnoi, shi io cu paplu intram tu-un\u00e3 lumi nicunuscut\u00e3. Dealihea i nidealihea
\neara atsea lumi? Eara “lucri” tsi li scutea di mintea-a lui? Tsi
\nimportants\u00e3 avea? Io, fitica di-atumtsea, b\u00e3namu sum aumbra-a cupaciului
\ntu-un\u00e3 lumi mplin\u00e3 di fric\u00e3 shi ciudie, di ntribari f\u00e3r\u00e3 cljai tr\u00e3 mintea-a
\nmea di cilimeanu… Paplu spunea pirmithi cu amiradz, cu oaminj mintimenj
\nshi glari, cu feati shi ficiori alepts\u00e3… Eara, poati, pirmithi tsi
\nli-ascultar\u00e3 tuts ficiuritslji di pi-aest\u00e3 lumi!… Ma multu iarna, c\u00e3ndu
\nnopts\u00e3li eara lundz\u00e3, n-adunamu ninga focu tuts nipotslji: io, nai ma
\nmarea, sor-mea Tana, frati-nju Mina, taifa-ali teta Tan\u00e3: Lenca, Ora, Mina,
\nshi ficiorlji ali teta Cuda: Steryiul, Mina shi Yioryi… Tati shi doau\u00e3li
\nsur\u00e3ri a lui, Tana shi Cuda, au c\u00e3ti un ficior tsi poart\u00e3 numa-alu papu:
\nMina! Mash nai ma njica sor\u00e3 alu tati, teta Tsona, b\u00e3na alargu di noi…
\nAest\u00e3 t\u00e3b\u00e3bie di cilimeanj n-adunamu sear\u00e3 di sear\u00e3 shi, cu gurli c\u00e3scati,
\nmutream paplu tsi dipina un gljemu m\u00e3yipsitu, nividzutu: pirmithlu. Poati
\nsh-alts\u00e3 p\u00e3p\u00e3nj shtiu s\u00e3 spun\u00e3 pirmithi a nipotslor, ma, ashi cum li spunea
\npaplu-a nostru, nu pistipsescu s-poat\u00e3 mults\u00e3!… Sh-ahulea mustaca, b\u00e3ga
\nm\u00e3na tu supani, ascutea t\u00e3tumea shi cartea sh-ahurhea sh-fac\u00e3 tsigarea…
\nNoi, cu ocljilj pi m\u00e3na-a lui, niar\u00e3vd\u00e3tori s\u00e3 nchisim pi nicunuscuta cali
\na pirmithlui… Iu va n\u00e3 duc\u00e3 adz\u00e3 paplu? La Amir\u00e3lu Aroshu, la izvurlu iu
\ns-batu munts\u00e3lj, la f\u00e3nt\u00e3na iu veaglje lamnja cu multi capiti?<\/p>\n

(1) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 particula “a” a genetivlui s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseashti,
\nsh-atumtsea c\u00e3ndu s-tucheashti cu sonlu a dit bitisita-a zborlui di
\nn\u00e3intea-a ljei. Tr-atsea zboar\u00e3li: “aumbra cupaciului, lumea noastr\u00e3,
\nmintea lui, mintea mea, m\u00e3na lui” lipsescu scriari: “aumbra-a cupacilui,
\nlumea-a noastr\u00e3, mintea-a lui, mintea-a mea, m\u00e3na-a lui”. B\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3
\naest\u00e3 particul\u00e3 easti scriat\u00e3 tu zboar\u00e3li tsi nu bitisescu cu sonlu a:
\n“loclu-a nostru, sur\u00e3ri a lui, paplu-a nostru, cali a pirmithlui”. <\/span>
\n(2) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li tsi nchisescu cu sonurli an\/n shi \u00e3n\/n
\nlipsescu scriari (i) f\u00e3r\u00e3 sonlu a ic\u00e3 \u00e3, shi (ii) nu s-leag\u00e3 cu-un\u00e3 cratim\u00e3
\ndi zborlu di n\u00e3inti. Tr-atsea, zboar\u00e3li: “lumi-mplin\u00e3, di-antribari,
\ns-anchisim” s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3psescu: “lumi mplin\u00e3, di ntribari, s\u00e3 nchisim”.
\n(3) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 semivocalili e shi i tsi yin dup\u00e3 litira compus\u00e3 sh,
\nnu s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3psescu. C\u00e3 s-afl\u00e3 tu idyiul zbor i c\u00e3 s-afl\u00e3 tu dau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3
\nligati unlu di-alantu. Tr-atsea, zboar\u00e3li: “shi-alts\u00e3, shi-ahulea,
\nshi-ahurhea, mashi” lipsescu scriari: “sh-alts\u00e3, sh-ahulea, sh-ahurhea,
\nmash”. Un\u00e3 alt\u00e3 regul\u00e3 dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 semivocala i dit bitisita-a unui zbor la
\nplural tsi bitiseashti cu ri, sh-cari s-afl\u00e3 n\u00e3intea-a unui articul, nu s\u00e3
\nngr\u00e3pseashti. Tr-atsea zborlu “gurili” s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseashti “gurli”. Sh-tu soni,
\nvocala i tsi yini dup\u00e3 litira compus\u00e3 nj si ngr\u00e3pseashti. Tr-atsea zborlu
\n“njca” (ma s-nu hib\u00e3 un alathus ortografic!) lipseashti ngr\u00e3psiri “njica”.
\n(4) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 (i) zborlu “doauli” si scrii”doau\u00e3li”; (ii) zborlu
\n“cljealje” si scrii cljai\/cljae (dup\u00e3 cum easti zborlu-a omlui); (iii) shi,
\ndup\u00e3 reguli tr\u00e3 articularea-a substantivilor tsi nu li-avem aspus\u00e3 aoa,
\nzboar\u00e3li articulati: “nipotsljii, ficiorljii shi ocljii” s-pronunts\u00e3 shi s\u00e3
\nngr\u00e3psescu: “nipotslji, ficiorlji shi ocljilj”. B\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3 tu un altu
\nloc, textul ari zborlu “ficiuritslji” cari easti scriat cum lipseashti.<\/p>\n

PARTEA 2
\n(Textul dit Partea 1 easti scriat diznou, ashi cum lipseashti shi mash
\nzboar\u00e3li tsi au c\u00e3lcat\u00e3 regulili dit lectsiili 16-17 suntu al\u00e3sati cu alathus)
\nTora, dup\u00e3 ah\u00e3nts\u00e3 anj voi s-nji aducu aminti atseali pirmithi tsi-nj li
\ndz\u00e3tsea paplu, sum aumbra-a cupaciului… Aoa, eara mash loclu-a nostru,
\nlumea-a noastr\u00e3, mash a noastr\u00e3… Veara, aumbra-a cupaciului c\u00e3dea pisti
\nnoi, shi io cu paplu intram tu-un\u00e3 lumi nicunuscut\u00e3. Dealihea i nidealihea
\neara atsea lumi? Eara “lucri” tsi li scutea di mintea-a lui? Tsi
\nimportants\u00e3 avea? Io, fitica di-atumtsea, b\u00e3namu sum aumbra-a cupaciului
\ntu-un\u00e3 lumi mplin\u00e3 di fric\u00e3 shi ciudie, di ntribari f\u00e3r\u00e3 cljai tr\u00e3 mintea-a
\nmea di cilimeanu… Paplu spunea pirmithi cu amiradz, cu oaminj mintimenj
\nshi glari, cu feati shi ficiori alepts\u00e3… Eara, poati, pirmithi tsi
\nli-ascultar\u00e3 tuts ficiuritslji di pi-aest\u00e3 lumi!… Ma multu iarna, c\u00e3ndu
\nnopts\u00e3li eara lundz\u00e3, n-adunamu ninga focu tuts nipotslji: io, nai ma
\nmarea, sor-mea Tana, frati-nju Mina, taifa-ali teta Tan\u00e3: Lenca, Ora, Mina,
\nshi ficiorlji ali teta Cuda: Steryiul, Mina shi Yioryi… Tati shi doau\u00e3li
\nsur\u00e3ri a lui, Tana shi Cuda, au c\u00e3ti un ficior tsi poart\u00e3 numa-alu papu:
\nMina! Mash nai ma njica sor\u00e3 alu tati, teta Tsona, b\u00e3na alargu di noi…
\nAest\u00e3 t\u00e3b\u00e3bie di cilimeanj n-adunamu sear\u00e3 di sear\u00e3 shi, cu gurli c\u00e3scati,
\nmutream paplu tsi dipina un gljemu m\u00e3yipsitu, nividzutu: pirmithlu. Poati
\nsh-alts\u00e3 p\u00e3p\u00e3nj shtiu s\u00e3 spun\u00e3 pirmithi a nipotslor, ma, ashi cum li spunea
\npaplu-a nostru, nu pistipsescu s-poat\u00e3 mults\u00e3!… Sh-ahulea mustaca, b\u00e3ga
\nm\u00e3na tu supani, ascutea t\u00e3tumea shi cartea sh-ahurhea sh-fac\u00e3 tsigarea…
\nNoi, cu oclji pi m\u00e3na-a lui, niar\u00e3vd\u00e3tori s\u00e3 nchisim pi nicunuscuta cali a
\npirmithlui… Iu va n\u00e3 duc\u00e3 adz\u00e3 paplu? La Amir\u00e3lu Aroshu, la izvurlu iu
\ns-batu munts\u00e3lj, la f\u00e3nt\u00e3na iu veaglje lamnja cu multi capiti?<\/p>\n

DIZLIGAREA-A PRUBLEM\u00c3LJEI: PARTEA 2
\n(zboar\u00e3li tsi-au c\u00e3lcat\u00e3 reguli dit lectsiili 16-17 suntu scriati cum
\nlipseashti)
\nTora, dup\u00e3 ah\u00e3nts\u00e3 anj voi s-nji aducu aminti atseali pirmithi tsi-nj li
\ndz\u00e3tsea paplu, sum aumbra-a cupaciului… Aoa, eara mash loclu-a nostru,
\nlumea-a noastr\u00e3, mash a noastr\u00e3… Veara, aumbra-a cupaciului c\u00e3dea pisti
\nnoi, shi io cu paplu intram tu-un\u00e3 lumi nicunuscut\u00e3. Dealihea i nidealihea
\neara atsea lumi? Eara “lucri” tsi li scutea dit mintea-a lui? Tsi
\nimportants\u00e3 avea? Io, fitica di-atumtsea, b\u00e3namu sum aumbra-a cupaciului
\ntu-un\u00e3 lumi mplin\u00e3 di fric\u00e3 shi ciudie, di ntribari f\u00e3r\u00e3 cljai tr\u00e3 mintea-a
\nmea di cilimeanu… Paplu spunea pirmithi cu amiradz, cu oaminj mintimenj
\nshi glari, cu feati shi ficiori alepts\u00e3… Eara, poati, pirmithi tsi
\nli-ascultar\u00e3 tuts ficiuritslji di pi-aest\u00e3 lumi!… Ma multu iarna, c\u00e3ndu
\nnopts\u00e3li eara lundz\u00e3, n-adunamu ninga focu tuts nipotslji: io, nai ma
\nmarea, sor-mea Tana, frati-nju Mina, taifa-ali teta Tan\u00e3: Lenca, Ora, Mina,
\nshi ficiorlji ali teta Cuda: Steryiul, Mina shi Yioryi… Tati shi doau\u00e3li
\nsur\u00e3ri a lui, Tana shi Cuda, au c\u00e3ti un ficior tsi poart\u00e3 numa-alu papu:
\nMina! Mash nai ma njica sor\u00e3 alu tati, teta Tsona, b\u00e3na alargu di noi…
\nAest\u00e3 t\u00e3b\u00e3bie di cilimeanj n-adunamu sear\u00e3 di sear\u00e3 shi, cu gurli c\u00e3scati,
\nmutream paplu tsi dipina un gljemu m\u00e3yipsitu, nividzutu: pirmithlu. Poati
\nsh-alts\u00e3 p\u00e3p\u00e3nj shtiu s\u00e3 spun\u00e3 pirmithi a nipotslor, ma, ashi cum li spunea
\npaplu-a nostru, nu pistipsescu s-poat\u00e3 mults\u00e3!… Sh-ahulea mustaca, b\u00e3ga
\nm\u00e3na tu supani, ascutea t\u00e3tumea shi cartea sh-ahurhea sh-fac\u00e3 tsigarea…
\nNoi, cu ocljilj pi m\u00e3na-a lui, niar\u00e3vd\u00e3tori s\u00e3 nchisim pi nicunuscuta cali
\na pirmithlui… Iu va n\u00e3 duc\u00e3 adz\u00e3 paplu? La Amir\u00e3lu Aroshu, la izvurlu iu
\ns-batu munts\u00e3lj, la f\u00e3nt\u00e3na iu veaglje lamnja cu multi capiti?<\/p>\n

(1) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 semivocala u nu lipseashti scriari c\u00e3ndu s-avdi tu
\ncoada-a substantivilor masculini (shi niutri) la singular, a adjectivilor,
\na formilor verbali, etc. shi (ii) c\u00e3ndu yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3 consoan\u00e3,
\nsimpl\u00e3 i compus\u00e3. Tr-atsea zboar\u00e3li: “aducu, b\u00e3namu, cilimeanu, adunamu,
\nfocu, papu, gljemu, aroshu, batu, alu, m\u00e3yipsitu, nividzutu” lipsescu
\nscriari: “aduc, b\u00e3nam, cilimean, adunam, foc, pap, gljem, arosh, bat, al,
\nm\u00e3yipsit, nividzut”. B\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li: “intram, sum, mutream, cum”
\nsuntu scriati cum lipseashti, cu tuti c\u00e3 tu titlul a cartiljei autorlu ari
\nscriat\u00e3 “sumu”.
\n(2) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 semivocala u nu lipseashti scriari c\u00e3ndu (i) s-avdi tu
\ncoada-a substantivilor masculini (shi niutri) la singular sh-c\u00e3ndu (ii)
\nyini dup\u00e3 sonlu ci (semivocal\u00e3 i). Tr-atsea zborlu “cupaciu” si scrii
\n“cupaci” shi forma-a lui articulat\u00e3 la genetiv nu easti “a cupaciului” ma
\n“a cupacilui”.<\/p>\n

\n

CURSU DI SCRIARI ARM\u00c3NEASC\u00c3<\/strong>
\ndup\u00e3 Regulili Ast\u00e3siti la Simpozionlu di Standardizari a Scriariljei
\nArm\u00e3neasc\u00e3 di Bituli, Avgustu, 1997<\/p>\n

anyrapsit di <\/span>TIBERIUS CUNIA<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LECTSIILI 16 shi 17 – SCRIAREA-A LITIR\u00c3LJEI U Litira u ari trei sonuri: (i) poati s-aib\u00e3 sonlu-timelj, di vocal\u00e3 u; (ii) poati si s-avd\u00e3 muljat, ca vocal\u00e3 u, cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i dininti (tsi s-avdi ma nu si scrii), va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, un son tsi si scrii u shi s-avdi ca un diftongu iu (semivocal\u00e3 i), […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-117","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLECTSIILI 16 shi 17 - TRA ARMANAMI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/cultura-armanasca\/cursuri-ti-scriari\/lectsiili-16-shi-17\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LECTSIILI 16 shi 17 - TRA ARMANAMI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LECTSIILI 16 shi 17 – SCRIAREA-A LITIR\u00c3LJEI U Litira u ari trei sonuri: (i) poati s-aib\u00e3 sonlu-timelj, di vocal\u00e3 u; 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