{"id":107,"date":"2009-10-07T21:48:25","date_gmt":"2009-10-07T20:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/armanami.org\/blog\/?page_id=107"},"modified":"2009-10-07T21:48:25","modified_gmt":"2009-10-07T20:48:25","slug":"lectsiili-10-shi-11","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/cultura-armanasca\/cursuri-ti-scriari\/lectsiili-10-shi-11\/","title":{"rendered":"LECTSIILI 10 shi 11"},"content":{"rendered":"

LECTSIILI 10 shi 11 – SCRIAREA-A LITIR\u00c3LJEI I<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Litira i poati s-aib\u00e3 ma multi sonuri. Poati s-hib\u00e3: <\/span>
\n(i) un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 i tsi s-avdi cu un son-timelj, ascur;
\n(ii) un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 i, niactsintuat\u00e3, tu bitisita-a ma multor zboar\u00e3 (i-lu
\nfinal), cari poati si s-avd\u00e3 (di nai ma multili ori, ma nu totna) cu dau\u00e3li
\nsonuri i shi e, dup\u00e3 cum easti grailu-a omlui; <\/span>
\n(iii) un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 i, ic\u00e3 un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i, cari poati si s-avd\u00e3, sh-ca sonlu
\ngr\u00e3tsescu yi\/ye (ghamma); <\/span>
\n(iv) un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i, cari s-avdi cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u (niscriat\u00e3) dup\u00e3 ea;
\nshi
\n(v) un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i – cari s-avdi singur\u00e3, f\u00e3r\u00e3 ca s-aib\u00e3 un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 u
\n(niscriat\u00e3) ning\u00e3 ea, ic\u00e3 s-avdi deadun cu alti vocali tu un diftongu ic\u00e3
\ntriftongu – cari poati si s\u00e3 scrii, ma poati shi s-nu s\u00e3 scrii, dup\u00e3 cum u
\ncaft\u00e3 litira di n\u00e3intea-a ljei.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 1 di Timelj: Vocala i
\nC\u00e3ndu s-avdi, vocala i lipseashti scriari ca i (tu ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 sh-ca e, ma
\ntr\u00e3 aesti zboar\u00e3 va zbur\u00e3m tu un\u00e3 alt\u00e3 sectsii ma nghios). Vocala i poati
\nsi s-avd\u00e3:
\n(i) ahoryea sh-f\u00e3r\u00e3 alt\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 tu idyea silab\u00e3, ca tu zboar\u00e3li: c\u00e3-ni,
\ncu-pi-i, ghi-ni, if-cu-li-i, i-mir, im-nu, min-ti, ni-or, etc. ic\u00e3 <\/span>
\n(ii) deadun cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 tu idyea silab\u00e3, parti dit diftondz\u00e3lj iu
\n(vocal\u00e3 i, semivocal\u00e3 u) shi ii (protlu i vocal\u00e3, andoilu i semivocal\u00e3); ca
\ntu zboar\u00e3li: ar-niu, c\u00e3r-ci-liu, c\u00e3r-di-liu, cu-pii (pluralu di la
\ncu-pi-i\/cu-pi-e), hiu, ir-njiu, ir-njii (pluralu di la ir-nji-i\/ir-nji-e),
\nscriu, scrii, shtiu, sti-hiu, sti-hii, ti-riu, ti-rii, u-ra-niu, u-ra-nii,
\netc. <\/span>
\nNota 1 – Tu-aesti zboar\u00e3 di ma nsus, diftongul iu (vocal\u00e3 i, semivocal\u00e3 u)
\nnu easti idyiul lucru cu:
\n(i) diftongul iu (semivocal\u00e3 i, vocal\u00e3 u) tsi lu-afl\u00e3m tu zboar\u00e3 ca:
\na-pan-ghiu, chi-mi-tir-yiu, cuf-chiu, id-yiu, is-chiu, mis-tir-yiu,
\nscljin-ciu, zmel-ciu, etc. nec\u00e3
\n(ii) combinatsia di litiri, semivocala iu, (iu dau\u00e3li sonuri, i shi u suntu
\nsemivocali), sh-iu mash semivocala i si scrii; semivocala u nu si scrii. <\/span>
\nTr-aestu lucru va zbur\u00e3m tu alti sectsii ma nghios.
\nNota 2 – B\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3 ma nsus avem zboar\u00e3 ca: cu-pi-i\/cu-pi-e,
\nif-cu-li-i\/if-cu-li-e, min-ti\/min-te, etc. tr\u00e3 cari, vocala i dit soni,
\npoati, tu ndau\u00e3 grai, si s-avd\u00e3 shi si s\u00e3 scrii sh-ca un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 e.
\nTr-aesti zboar\u00e3 va zbur\u00e3m sh-tu un\u00e3 alt\u00e3 sectsii ma nghios. Tr\u00e3 tora di
\noar\u00e3 va zbur\u00e3m di-aesti zboar\u00e3 mash tr\u00e3 prublemili tsi au s-fac\u00e3 cu
\nscriarea-a sonlui i.
\nVocala i cu sonlu-lj di timelj n\u00e3 da, tu scriari, mash un\u00e3 singur\u00e3
\nprublem\u00e3: aclo iu, vocala i poati si s-avd\u00e3, em ca un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3, em ca un\u00e3
\nsemivocal\u00e3 i, shi omlu nu shtii tsi s-fac\u00e3, “s-u scrii ma s-nu u scrii?”<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – (1) Vocala i dit bitisita-a unui zbor – cari s-avdi di multi ori
\nsh-ca un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 – lipseashti totna scriari (c\u00e3 s-avdi ic\u00e3 nu s-avdi)
\nc\u00e3ndu yini <\/span>
\n(i) dup\u00e3 dau\u00e3 i ma multi consoani, simpli i compusi, ic\u00e3 <\/span>
\n(ii) dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 consoan\u00e3 complex\u00e3 x.
\n(2) C\u00e3ndu vocala i s-afl\u00e3, f\u00e3r\u00e3 actsentu, tu bitisita-a unui zbor masculin
\nshi niutru singular, shi c\u00e3ndu zborlu s-articuleadz\u00e3, atumtsea, i-lu din
\nfatsa-a articolui <\/span>
\n(i) poati si s-fac\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 shi s-nu si scrii, c\u00e3ndu zborlu
\nbitiseashti cu ri shi ni tsi yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3, ma <\/span>
\n(ii) poati s-arm\u00e3n\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 ic\u00e3 poati si s-fac\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3, ma lipseashti
\ntotna scriari, tr\u00e3 tuti alanti zboar\u00e3, inclusiv zboar\u00e3li cari bitisescu cu
\nri shi ni tsi yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 consoan\u00e3.
\n(3) Tr\u00e3 tuti alanti zboar\u00e3, scriarea ic\u00e3 niscriarea-a sonlui i va si s-fac\u00e3
\ndup\u00e3 cum va hib\u00e3 aspusi zboar\u00e3li tu un dictsiunar, niscriat ninga.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3:
\n(1) C\u00e3ndu bitisescu cu vocala i tsi yini dup\u00e3 dau\u00e3 consoani, zboar\u00e3li
\nlipsescu totna scriari cu i ca zboar\u00e3li-exempli: cor-ghi, lim-bi, o-clji,
\npor-tsi (pr\u00e3vdz\u00e3), sher-chi, tser-ghi, tum-bi, etc. Ma zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus
\npot s-hib\u00e3 pronuntsati, c\u00e3tiv\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3, sh-cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i tu bitisit\u00e3
\ntsi lipseashti scriari; zboar\u00e3li nu lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i ca: corgh,
\nlimb, oclj, ports, sherch, tsergh, tumb, etc.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00e3ndu s-articuleadz\u00e3, zboar\u00e3li masculini (shi niutri singular) tsi
\nbitisescu cu ri shi ni (vocal\u00e3 i, niactsintuat\u00e3) tsi yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3,
\nca: c\u00e3-ni, c\u00e3r-bu-ni, cheap-ti-ni, dzi-ni-ri, gio-ni, ma-ri, sfrea-di-ni,
\nsoa-ri, t\u00e3-ciu-ni, etc. pot ca s\u00e3 sh-u-al\u00e3xeasc\u00e3 vocala i (dit ri shi ni)
\ntu semivocal\u00e3. Tr-atsea, zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus pot s-hib\u00e3 pronuntsati shi
\nscriati dau\u00e3 turlii. Un\u00e3 soi easti:
\n(i) la nominativ shi acuzativ singular: c\u00e3-ni-li, c\u00e3r-bu-ni-li,
\ncheap-ti-ni-li, dzi-ni-ri-li, gio-ni-li, ma-ri-li, sfrea-di-ni-li,
\nsoa-ri-li, t\u00e3-ciu-ni-li, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(ii) la genitiv shi dativ singular: c\u00e3-ni-lui, c\u00e3r-bu-ni-lui,
\ncheap-ti-ni-lui, dzi-ni-ri-lui, gio-ni-lui, ma-ri-lui, sfrea-di-ni-lui,
\nsoa-ri-lui, t\u00e3-ciu-ni-lui, etc. <\/span>
\nMa zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus, pot s-hib\u00e3 s-hib\u00e3 pronuntsati shi scriati sh-un\u00e3
\nalt\u00e3 soi: <\/span>
\n(i) la nominativ shi acuzativ singular: c\u00e3n-li, c\u00e3r-bun-li, cheap-tin-li,
\ndzi-nir-li, gion-li, mar-li, sfrea-din-li, soar-li, t\u00e3-ciun-li, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(ii) la genitiv shi dativ singular: c\u00e3n-lui, c\u00e3r-bun-lui, cheap-tin-lui,
\ndzi-nir-lui, gion-lui, mar-lui, sfrea-din-lui, soar-lui, t\u00e3-ciun-lui, etc.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00e3ndu s-articuleadz\u00e3, zboar\u00e3li masculini (shi niutri singular) tsi nu
\nbitisescu cu ri shi ni (vocal\u00e3 i, niactsintuat\u00e3) tsi yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3
\n(cazlu aspus ma nsus), zboar\u00e3 ca: a-ra-tsi, a-rea-ti, cljash-ti,
\ngiu-nea-li, oas-pi, vear-di, etc. sh-lu ts\u00e3n i-lu ca vocal\u00e3 (sh-c\u00e3 s-avdi i
\nnu s-avdi ca un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i), lipsescu totna scriari:
\n(i) la nominativ shi acuzativ singular: a-ra-tsi-li, a-rea-ti-li,
\ncljash-ti-li, giu-nea-li-li, oas-pi-li, vear-di-li, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(ii) la genitiv shi dativ singular: a-ra-tsi-lui, a-rea-ti-lui,
\ncljash-ti-lui, giu-nea-li-lui, oas-pi-lui, vear-di-lui, etc. <\/span>
\nTu ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3, vocala i poati si s-avd\u00e3 sh-ca un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 ma aesti
\nzboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari:
\n(i) la nominativ shi acuzativ singular: a-rats-li, a-reat-li, cljasht-li,
\ngiu-neal-li, oas-pli, veard-li, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(ii) la genitiv shi dativ singular: a-rats-lui, a-reat-lui, cljasht-lui,
\ngiu-neal-lui, oas-plui, veard-lui, etc.<\/p>\n

(4) Zboar\u00e3 ca pri-im-na-ri poati si s-avd\u00e3 tu zbur\u00e3rea di-arad\u00e3 prim-na-ri.
\nScriarea-a aishtor zboari va si s-fac\u00e3 dup\u00e3 cum va s-hib\u00e3 aspus\u00e3 tu un
\ndictsiunar niscriat ninga.<\/p>\n

Nota 1 – Aoa zbur\u00e3m mash tr\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li tsi arm\u00e3n idyili, zboar\u00e3 iu vocala i
\ns-pronunts\u00e3 ca un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3. Nu zbur\u00e3m di zboar\u00e3 tsi s-al\u00e3xescu di la
\nsingular la plural, zboar\u00e3 ca: a-pan-di-si, dur-nji-ri, fe-si, mu-tri-ri,
\nti-hi, tim-bi-hi, etc. cari au singularlu cu vocala i, shi pluralu cu
\nsemivocala i: a-pan-disi, dur-njiri, fesi, mu-triri, tihi, tim-bihi, etc.
\nNota 2 – Aoa zbur\u00e3m mash tr\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu cu vocal\u00e3 i pri cari nu
\ncadi actsentul. Zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu cu vocala i pri cari cadi actsentul,
\nzboar\u00e3 ca: chi-ra-gi, h\u00e3n-gi, shi-c\u00e3-gi, va-li, etc. c\u00e3ndu s-articuleadz\u00e3,
\nnu sh-lu cher aestu i, arm\u00e3ni totna ngr\u00e3psit. <\/span>
\nNota 3- Suntu multi zboar\u00e3 cari, la plural, bitisescu tu ndau\u00e3 grai cu \u00e3,
\ntu alti grai cu i. Aht\u00e3ri suntu zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu, la plural, cu
\nconsoanili compusi ts shi dz, la cari zboar\u00e3 s-adavg\u00e3 shi zborlu “zboar\u00e3”.
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 va si scrii cu \u00e3, nu cu i. Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, zboar\u00e3li tsi lipsescu
\nscriari cu \u00e3, suntu zboar\u00e3 ca: brats\u00e3, budz\u00e3, c\u00e3rts\u00e3, g\u00e3rnuts\u00e3, mults\u00e3,
\nmunts\u00e3, p\u00e3rints\u00e3, punts\u00e3, zboar\u00e3, etc. zboar\u00e3 tsi nu lipsescu scriari (cu
\ntuti c\u00e3 s-avdu, tu multi grai, cu i) ca: bratsi, budzi, c\u00e3rtsi, g\u00e3rnutsi,
\nmultsi, muntsi, p\u00e3rintsi, puntsi, zboari, etc. Alti zboar\u00e3 ca aesti di ma
\nnsus va si s-aspun\u00e3 tu un dictsiunar niscriat ninga.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 2: Vocala i Niactsintuat\u00e3 dit bitisita-a unui zbor
\ncari poati si s-avd\u00e3 shi s\u00e3 si scrii sh-ca un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 e.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – (1) Numili polisilabi, masculini shi fiminini (substantivi,
\nadgectivi, pronumi shi numirali) shi formili verbali tsi bitisescu la
\nsingular ic\u00e3 la plural cu vocala i, niactsintuat\u00e3, pot s-hib\u00e3 scriati shi
\npronuntsati, tu bitisit\u00e3, dup\u00e3 traditsie shi grai, shi cu e.
\n(2) Adverbili, articulili, pripozitsiili shi congiunctsiili cari bitisescu
\ncu vocala i, <\/span>
\n(i) lipsescu scriari totna cu i; c\u00e3ndu suntu monosilabi (exceptsia easti
\narticul li), shi <\/span>
\n(ii) pot s-hib\u00e3 scriati, sh-cu i sh-cu e tu bitisit\u00e3, c\u00e3ndu suntu
\npolisilabi shi vocala i dit soni nu easti actsintuat\u00e3, dup\u00e3 cum easti
\ntraditsia shi grailu a omlui.
\n(3) C\u00e3ndu zboar\u00e3li suntu scriati cu e-final, la articulari, <\/span>
\n(i) e-lu final din\u00e3intea-a articului s-fatsi i, shi <\/span>
\n(ii) articulu li poati s-hib\u00e3 scriat shi le.<\/p>\n

(1) Avem formi verbali shi numi (substantivi, adgectivi, pronumi shi
\nnumirali), polisilabi, la singular ic\u00e3 la plural, cari bitisescu, sh-cu
\nvocala i, ma sh-cu vocala e, dup\u00e3 cum easti grailu-a omlui. Aest\u00e3 vocal\u00e3
\ni\/e nu easti actsintuat\u00e3 shi zboar\u00e3li pot si s\u00e3 scrii shi si s-pronunts\u00e3
\ndup\u00e3 cum u va omlu. <\/span>
\nBun\u00e3oar\u00e3, zboar\u00e3li di ma nghios pot si s-avd\u00e3 shi s-hib\u00e3 scriati cu vocala
\ni: al-ti, aum-bri, av-di, a-yi-nji, bo-i, ca-fe-i, ca-li, c\u00e3r-vea-lji,
\nco-la-si, cu-ri-i, cu-ti-i, du-tsi, dza-tsi, dz\u00e3-si, fa-tsi, foa-mi,
\nfu-mea-lji, ha-re-i, hu-i, i-si-hi-i, i-ti-i, lu-gu-ri-i, ma-i, ma-ri,
\nmur-da-ri, mi-ni, n\u00e3-si, p\u00e3-du-ri, pi-t\u00e3-roa-nji, poa-ti, pur-ta-ri,
\nscu-ti-di, so-i, ti-ni, shap-ti, ta-tsi, tea-si, ti-nji-i, v\u00e3-si-li-i,
\nyi-i, yi-ni, znji-i, zo-ri, etc. <\/span>
\nTuti zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus pot si s-avd\u00e3 shi s-hib\u00e3 scriati sh-cu e: al-te,
\naum-bre, av-de, a-yi-nje, bo-e, ca-fe-e, ca-le, c\u00e3r-vea-lje, co-la-se,
\ncu-ri-e, cu-ti-e, du-tse, dza-tse, dz\u00e3-se, fa-tse, foa-me, fu-mea-lje,
\nha-re-e, hu-e, i-si-hi-e, i-ti-e, lu-gu-ri-e, ma-e, ma-re, mur-da-re,
\nmi-ne, n\u00e3-se, p\u00e3-du-re, pi-t\u00e3-roa-nje, poa-te, pur-ta-re, scu-ti-de, so-e,
\nti-ne, shap-te, ta-tse, tea-se, ti-nji-e, v\u00e3-si-li-e, yi-e, yi-ne, znji-e,
\nzo-re, etc.<\/p>\n

(2) (i) Zboar\u00e3li monosilabi ca: di, mi, pi\/pri, shi, ti\/tri, tsi, etc.
\nlipsescu totna scriari cu i-final; nu lipsescu v\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari cu e-final.
\nMa adverbili polisilabi, scriati aoa cu vocala i, ca: a-clo-tsi, a-shi,
\ndi-nin-ti, m\u00e3-ni, na-par-ti, poi-m\u00e3-ni, etc. pot s-hib\u00e3 scriati sh-cu
\ne-final ca: a-clo-tse, a-she, di-nin-te, m\u00e3-ne, na-par-te, poi-m\u00e3-ne, etc.
\n(ii) Substantivili shi adgectivili polisilabi, (i) masculini (shi neutri)
\nla singular shi (ii) fiminini (shi neutri) la plural, cari bitisescu cu
\nvocala i\/e niactsintuat\u00e3, sh-cari suntu scriati ma nghios cu i-final ca:
\na-du-si, a-fi-ri-ti, a-ra-tsi, ba-bi, ca-si, c\u00e3-ni, cu-ra-ti, cljash-ti,
\ndzi-ni-ri, fea-ti, gio-ni, jgljoa-ti, ma-ri, mur-da-ri, nja-ti, oas-pi,
\npi-ru-sha-ni, scla-vi, soa-ri, u-ru-ti, va-sa-ni, va-si, vear-di, zvel-ti,
\netc. pot ca s-hib\u00e3 scriati shi cu e-final ca: a-du-se, a-fi-ri-te,
\na-ra-tse, ba-be, ca-se, c\u00e3-ne, cu-ra-te, cljash-te, dzi-ni-re, fea-te,
\ngio-ne, jgljoa-te, ma-re, mur-da-re, nja-te, oas-pe, pi-ru-sha-ne, scla-ve,
\nsoa-re, u-ru-te, va-sa-ne, va-se, vear-de, zvel-te, etc. <\/span>
\n(iii) C\u00e3ndu suntu articulati, articulu di la numili (i) masculini la
\nsingular shi (ii) fiminini la plural easti li, cari tu sistemlu di scriari
\ncu e, si scrii le. Tr-atsea, zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus pot s-hib\u00e3 scriati sh-cu
\ni-final ca: a-du-si-li, a-fi-ri-ti-li, a-ra-tsi-li, ba-bi-li, ca-si-li,
\nc\u00e3-ni-li, cu-ra-ti-li, cljash-ti-li, dzi-nir-li, fea-ti-li, gio-ni-li,
\njgljoa-ti-li, mar-li, mur-da-ri-li, nja-ti-li, oas-pi-li, pi-ru-sha-ni-li,
\nscla-vi-li, soar-li, u-ru-ti-li, va-sa-ni-li, va-si-li, vear-di-li,
\nzvel-ti-li, etc. ma pot s-hib\u00e3 scriati sh-cu e-final ca: a-du-si-le,
\na-fi-ri-ti-le, a-ra-tsi-le, ba-bi-le, ca-si-le, c\u00e3-ni-le, cu-ra-ti-le,
\ncljash-ti-le, dzi-nir-le, fea-ti-le, gio-ni-le, jgljoa-ti-le, mar-le,
\nmur-da-ri-le, nja-ti-le, oas-pi-le, pi-ru-sha-ni-le, scla-vi-le, soar-le,
\nu-ru-ti-le, va-sa-ni-le, va-si-le, vear-di-le, zvel-ti-le, etc.<\/p>\n

Nota 1 – B\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3, zboar\u00e3li cari si scriu cu e-final, c\u00e3ndu nu suntu
\narticulati, la forma-a lor articulat\u00e3, e-lu s-al\u00e3xeashti tu i. Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3,
\nprotlu zbor dit arada di ma nsus, niarticulat shi scriat cu e-final,
\na-du-se, s-fatsi a-du-si-li, c\u00e3ndu s-articuleadz\u00e3.
\nNota 2 – Zboar\u00e3li masculini (shi neutri) tsi bitisescu la singular cu un\u00e3
\nsemivocal\u00e3 i tsi s-avdi cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u (tsi nu si ngr\u00e3pseashti) dup\u00e3
\nea, lipsescu scriari mash cu i, v\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 cu e. Ashi avem, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, zboar\u00e3
\nca: bu-du-vai, bu-geai, ceai (la neutru, c\u00e3 la fiminin si scrii
\ncea-i\/cea-e), grai, lai, loai, Mai, mir-yiu-loi, plai, su-mu-lai,
\nti-hi-lai, etc. cari si ngr\u00e3psescu mash cu i. <\/span>
\nNota 3 – Zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu cu vocala i, actsintuat\u00e3, nu urmeadz\u00e3 aest\u00e3
\nregul\u00e3; lipsescu totna scriari cu i, v\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 cu e. Aesti zboar\u00e3, loati dit
\ndictsiunarlu al T. Papahagi, suntu: a-gea-mi, ah-ci, a-ma-ne-ci,
\na-ra-ba-gi, as-cher-li, av-yiul-gi, ban-di, b\u00e3-t\u00e3h-ci, bi-di-vi, ca-ti,
\nc\u00e3i-di-gi, c\u00e3r-ji-li, c\u00e3v-g\u00e3-gi, chi-ma-ni-gi, chi-ra-gi, chi-s\u00e3-gi,
\nci-li-bi, ciur-ba-gi, cu-mi-ta-gi, cu-shu-ri, fi-lun-di, fur-ni-gi,
\ng\u00e3i-d\u00e3-gi, hai-ma-li, h\u00e3n-gi, ma-thi-ti, mi-ra-cli, mush-mur-li,
\nmush-ti-ri, ni-shan-li, p\u00e3-pu-gi, pish-li, ri-va-ni, shi-c\u00e3-gi, so-ba-gi,
\nspa-ti, su-fa-ri, va-li, shi alti poati tsi n-asc\u00e3par\u00e3.
\nNota 4 – Zboar\u00e3li cari bitisescu cu un\u00e3 vocala e pi cari cadi actsentul; nu
\nlipsescu v\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari cu i. Aeste zboar\u00e3, ca bun\u00e3oar\u00e3: ca-fe, cea-re,
\nchi-ma-ne, cu-be, g\u00e3i-le, gij-ve, ha-le, ha-re, ma-de, pir-chin-de,
\nti-mi-ne, ti-ni-che, tis-chi-re, etc. s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3psescu totna cu e.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 3: Vocala ic\u00e3 Semivocala i tsi
\npoati si s-avd\u00e3 sh-cu un son ghamma gr\u00e3tsescu n\u00e3inti.
\nSuntu zboar\u00e3 iu sonlu i poati si s-avd\u00e3 curat, ca tuti alanti sonuri i, ma
\npoati si s-avd\u00e3 sh-cu sonlu g\u00e3rtsescu ghamma n\u00e3inti. Multi ori, aestu son
\nghamma si scrii, ma sh-multi ori nu easti pronuntsat shi nu si scrii. Cu
\ntuti c\u00e3, tr-aesti zboar\u00e3 nu s-ari loat\u00e3 v\u00e3rn\u00e3 apofasi la simpozionlu di
\nBituli dit 1997, mintea-a noastr\u00e3 easti s-li scriem cu y, nu cu i. Tr-atsea
\nfeatsim regula di ma nghios.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – Zboar\u00e3li tsi au un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 i cari poati si s-avd\u00e3 sh-ca y (sonlu
\nghamma gr\u00e3tsescu) va si scrii cu y. Exceptsiili va s-aspun\u00e3 tu un
\ndictsiunar niscriat ninga.<\/p>\n

Avem zboar\u00e3 tsi pot si s-avd\u00e3 (shi s-hib\u00e3 scriati) em cu i, em cu yi\/ye.
\nBun\u00e3oar\u00e3, noi dz\u00e3tsem c\u00e3, tr-aesti zboar\u00e3-exempli di ma nghios:
\n(i) easti ghini si s\u00e3 scrii: m\u00e3-yi-i\/m\u00e3-yi-e, Ster-yiu, Tur-yea, Ver-yea,
\nvlu-yi-i\/vlu-yi-e, yeah-ni-i\/yeah-ni-e, yeam-bu-l\u00e3, Yeani, yea-ni-tsar,
\nyea-nu-r\u00e3, yea-tru, yea-ur-ti, yer-mu, yi-li-i\/yi-li-e, yi-mi-shi, yin,
\nYi-nar, yi-na-ti\/yi-na-te, yi-neam, Yior-gu, yis, yi-tri-i\/yi-tri-e,
\nyiur-ti-i\/yiur-ti-e, yiz-m\u00e3, Yiz-m\u00e3-ciunj, etc. shi
\n(ii) nu easti ghini si s\u00e3 scrii: m\u00e3-i-i\/m\u00e3-i-e, Ste-riu, Tu-ria, Ve-ria,
\nvlu-i-i\/vlu-i-e, iah-ni-i\/iah-ni-e, iam-bu-l\u00e3, Iani, ia-ni-tsar, ia-nu-r\u00e3,
\nia-tru, ia-ur-ti, ier-mu, i-li-i\/i-li-e, i-mi-shi, in, I-nar,
\ni-na-ti\/i-na-te, i-neam, Ior-gu, is, i-tri-i\/i-tri-e, iaur-ti-i\/iaur-ti-e,
\niz-m\u00e3, Iz-m\u00e3-ciunj, etc.
\nNu putem s-d\u00e3m v\u00e3r\u00e3 regul\u00e3 general\u00e3. Noi va c\u00e3ft\u00e3m ca, scriarea corect\u00e3 a
\ncatiunui zbor, cu un\u00e3 singur\u00e3 i cu dau\u00e3 varianti, s-hib\u00e3 aspus\u00e3 tu un
\ndictsiunar niscriat ninga.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 4: Semivocal\u00e3 i (totna scriat\u00e3), tsi s-avdi deadun cu un\u00e3
\nsemivocal\u00e3 u (niscriat\u00e3) dup\u00e3 ea<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – Substantivili (masculini shi neutri), adgectivili (masculini) shi
\nverbili (la prezentu, persoana 1), tsi bitisescu cu un\u00e3 combinatsie di dau\u00e3
\nsemivocali iu, tsi yin dup\u00e3 <\/span>
\n(i) un\u00e3 consoan\u00e3: c, ch, g, gh, h, shi y, ic\u00e3 <\/span>
\n(ii) un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 a shi o, ic\u00e3 un diftongu oa shi ea\/ia (vocal\u00e3 a,
\nsemivocali i\/e\/o), <\/span>
\nlipsescu scriari mash cu semivocala i dit bitisit\u00e3; sh-cu tuti c\u00e3 s-avdi,
\nsemivocala u nu si ngr\u00e3pseashti.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3: <\/span>
\n(i) C\u00e3ndu s-avdu cu combinatsia (di dau\u00e3 semivocali) iu tu coad\u00e3 tsi yini
\ndup\u00e3 consoanili (simpli shi compusi): c, ch, g, gh, h, shi y, zboar\u00e3li
\nlipsescu scriari ca: ayi (singular masculin), (mini) a-prochi, a-rici
\n(singular masculin), as-cum-tici (singular neutru), a-vlachi (singular
\nneutru, c\u00e3 la singular fiminin s-pronunts\u00e3 a-vla-chi, cu vocala i), (mini)
\nncaci (la prota persoan\u00e3), ba-ljaci (singular masculin), c\u00e3r-paci (singular
\nmasculin), cochi (singular masculin), cohi (singular neutru), cu-cu-lici
\n(singular neutru), cu-cu-tici (singular masculin), cu-paci (singular
\nmasculin), cu-ragi, (mini) dis-caci, feci, g\u00e3r-baci (singular neutru),
\nghiu-maci (singular neutru), ghiu-veci (singular neutru), li-cu-rici
\n(singular masculin), mi-ru-loyi (singular, neutru), poci, psohi (singular
\nmasculin), st\u00e3n-gaci (singular masculin), t\u00e3l-maci, tuci, u-raci (singular
\nmasculin), zvici (singular neutru), etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari ca: ayiu, a-prochiu, a-riciu,
\nas-cum-ticiu, a-vlachiu, \u00e3n-caciu, ba-ljaciu, c\u00e3r-paciu, cochiu, cohiu,
\ncu-cu-liciu, cu-cu-ticiu, cu-paciu, cu-ragiu, dis-caciu, feciu, g\u00e3r-baciu,
\nghiu-maciu, ghi-veciu, li-cu-riciu, mi-ru-loyiu, pociu, psohiu, st\u00e3n-gaciu,
\nt\u00e3l-maciu, tuciu, u-raciu, zviciu, etc.
\n(ii) C\u00e3ndu s-avdu cu combinatsia (di dau\u00e3 semivocali) iu tu coad\u00e3 tsi yini
\ndup\u00e3 vocalili a shi o ic\u00e3 diftondz\u00e3lj oa shi ea (ca parti dit diftondz\u00e3lj
\nic\u00e3 triftondz\u00e3lj ai, oi, oai shi eai, cu vocali a\/o, semivocali i\/e\/o),
\nzboar\u00e3li lipsescu scriari ca: bu-du-vai, bu-geai, ceai (la neutru, c\u00e3 la
\nfiminin si scrii cea-i\/cea-e), grai, lai, loai, Mai, mir-yiu-loi, plai,
\nsu-mu-lai, ti-hi-lai, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari ca: bu-du-vaiu, bu-geaiu, ceaiu, graiu,
\nlaiu, loaiu, Maiu, mir-yiu-loiu, plaiu, su-mu-laiu, ti-hi-laiu, etc.
\nNota 1 -Multi ori (ma nu tot\u00e3na), pluralu di la zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus, si
\nscriu idyea soe cu singularlu, mash c\u00e3 s-avdu f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala u dit
\nbitisit\u00e3; s-avdu mash cu i. Ma s-hib\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 masculini, semivocala i arm\u00e3ni
\nsemivocal\u00e3, sh-ma s-hib\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 neutri, semivocala i s-fatsi vocal\u00e3 Ashi
\navem zboar\u00e3li, la plural:
\n(i) masculini, ayi, a-rici, ba-ljaci, bu-geai, c\u00e3r-paci, cochi, cu-cu-tici,
\ncu-paci, li-cu-rici, mi-ru-lo-yi, psohi, st\u00e3n-gaci, u-raci, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(ii) neutri, as-cum-ti-ci, bu-du-va-i, co-hi, cu-cu-li-ci, g\u00e3r-ba-ci,
\nghiu-ma-ci, ghiu-ve-ci, gra-i, zvi-ci, etc. <\/span>
\nIdyiul lucru s-fatsi sh-cu formili verbali cari si scriu un\u00e3 soe la
\npersoana-a 1-a (iu semivocala u s-avdi) shi la persoana-a 2-a (iu
\nsemivocala u nu s-avdi). Ashi avem zboar\u00e3li tsi: <\/span>
\n(i) s-avdu cu semivocala u dit soni tsi nu s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseashti: (mini mi)
\na-prochi, (mini lu) ncaci, (mini) dis-caci, etc. shi
\n(ii) s-avdu f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala u dit soni: (tini ti) a-prochi, (tini lu)
\nncaci, (tini) dis-caci, etc.
\nNota 2 -Diftondz\u00e3lj (scriats) ai shi oi (vocala a\/o, semivocal\u00e3 i), cari
\ns-avdu cu un u-shcurtu la coad\u00e3, suntu dealihealui triftondz\u00e3lj
\n(pronuntsats ma niscriats) aiu shi oiu (vocala a\/o, semivocali i shi u);
\niar\u00e3 triftondz\u00e3lj (scriats) oai shi eai (vocal\u00e3 a, semivocali i\/e\/o), suntu
\ndealihealui silabi cu un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 shi trei semivocali (pronuntsatsi ma
\nniscriati) oaiu shi eaiu (vocal\u00e3 a, semivocali i\/e\/o\/u).
\nNota 3 – Avem graiuri (f\u00e3rshiruteshts\u00e3) iu semivocala u dit bitisita-a
\nsemivocal\u00e3ljei iu nu s-avdi dip. Aestu easti un\u00e3 hari a scriariljei, ca
\ndiftongu, al ai shi oi, shi triftongu oai shi eai. <\/span>
\nNota 4 – Diftongul ai\/oi di cari zbur\u00e3m aoa, nu easti idyiul cu grupurli di
\nlitiri ai shi oi, iu vocalili a shi o s-afl\u00e3 tu un\u00e3 silab\u00e3 alt\u00e3 dic\u00e3t
\nvocala (nu semivocala) i. Ashi avem, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, zborlu va-iu, iu gruplu di
\nlitiri ai nu easti un diftongu c\u00e3 easti mp\u00e3rts\u00e3t tu dau\u00e3 silabi.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 5: Semivocal\u00e3 i, tsi s-avdi mash i
\n(nu s-avdi cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 u, niscriat\u00e3, dup\u00e3 ea)<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – (1) Semivocala i, dit bitisita a zboar\u00e3lor, tsi ari din\u00e3intea-a
\nljei mash un\u00e3 consoan\u00e3, simpl\u00e3 i compus\u00e3, ma nu complex\u00e3 (va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, un\u00e3
\nconsoan\u00e3 tsi yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3):
\n(i) lipseashti scriari, c\u00e3ndu yini dup\u00e3 tuti consoanili simpli (nu
\ncomplexi) shi patruli consoani compusi ch, dh, gh shi th, shi <\/span>
\n(ii) nu lipseashti scriari, c\u00e3ndu yini dup\u00e3 consoanili compusi dz, lj,
\nnj, sh, shi ts.
\n(2) Semivocala i tsi s-afl\u00e3 tu nchisita i bitisita-a diftondz\u00e3lor ic\u00e3 a
\ntriftondz\u00e3lor ia\/ai, \u00e3i, ie\/ei, io\/oi, ii, iu\/ui, ioa\/oai, eai, lipseashti
\ntotna scriari. <\/span>
\nExceptsiili va s-hib\u00e3 mash atseali aspusi la vocalili a, e, o shi u, va
\ndz\u00e3c\u00e3, c\u00e3ndu aesti vocali yin dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 silab\u00e3 tsi bitiseashti cu: <\/span>
\n(i) vocala i, <\/span>
\n(ii) litira j (inclusiv nj shi lj) shi <\/span>
\n(iii) litira compus\u00e3 sh.
\n(3) C\u00e3ndu s-articuleadz\u00e3, zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu la plural cu un\u00e3
\nsemivocal\u00e3 i:
\n(i) lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i n\u00e3intea-a articului, c\u00e3ndu bitisescu cu ri shi <\/span>
\n(ii) lipsescu scriari cu i n\u00e3intea-a articului, c\u00e3ndu bitisescu cu ci,
\ngi, hi (inclusiv chi shi ghi), ji, vi shi yi. <\/span>
\nExceptsii la scriarea ic\u00e3 niscriarea-a semivocal\u00e3ljei i va si s-fac\u00e3 mash
\natumtsea c\u00e3ndu va s-u va maxus scriitorlu ca, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, c\u00e3ndu tu-un\u00e3
\npuizii, ritmul a versului u caft\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3:
\n(1) (i) Zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-afl\u00e3 tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3
\nsingur\u00e3 consoan\u00e3 simpl\u00e3 (inclusiv consoana y c\u00e3ndu s-avdi ca sonlu ghamma
\ng\u00e3rtsescu) lipsescu scriari cu i, ca zboar\u00e3li: a-buri, a-di-ljeri,
\na-du-tseri, a-m\u00e3yi, a-nemi, a-po-fasi (plural), a-rici (plural), ayi, azi,
\n(tini) ncaci, ba-gayi, bu-havi, car-tofi, ca-ta-fro-nisi (plural),
\nca-tas-hasi (plural), c\u00e3-liyi, chi-ver-nisi (plural), coa-c\u00e3ji, co-ciuyi,
\ncoji, co-luyi, co-shavi, cu-paci (plural), dis-caci, dis-poti, dur-njiri
\n(plural), fi-ciori, ftohi, g\u00e3r-buyi, gayi, griyi, i-po-tisi (plural),
\ni-sihi, lo-curi, Luni, mi-so-trivi, mo-lavi, mu-liyi, mur-dari (masculin
\nplural), p\u00e3-duri (plural), peji, pezi, pis-chesi (plural), poci (tsi va
\ndz\u00e3c\u00e3 nats, s\u00e3rm\u00e3nitsi, nu poaci, tsi va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, oali, stamni), pohi,
\npresh-cayi, psohi, pur-t\u00e3ri, sc\u00e3n-duri, sclayi, siyi, str\u00e3ji, strehi,
\nstu-m\u00e3hi, thesi (plural), tihi (plural), tim-bihi (plural), u-raci
\n(plural), vlahi, etc.
\n(ii) Zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-afl\u00e3 tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3
\nconsoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 ch, dh, gh shi th, (ma nu consoana complex\u00e3 x) lipsescu
\nscriari cu i, ca zboar\u00e3li: a-lu-m\u00e3chi, \u00e3n-treghi, a-rachi, a-raghi,
\na-roghi\/roghi, a-vl\u00e3chi (pluralu di la zborlu fiminin a-vla-chi), b\u00e3-buchi
\n(plural), bighi, bi-li-gichi (plural), bu-luchi (plural), c\u00e3-p\u00e3chi,
\ncu-ciughi, fu-shechi (plural), mi-r\u00e3chi, sin-duchi (plural), slaghi,
\ntu-fechi (plural), etc.
\n(iii) Zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3
\nconsoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 dz, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i, ca zboar\u00e3li: a-mi-radz,
\na-mi-ridz, a-r\u00e3dz, as-t\u00e3dz, a-sudz, badz, b\u00e3-lidz, bur-lidz, chi-r\u00e3-midz,
\nfadz, fudz, l\u00e3-ludz, ledz, lum-b\u00e3dz, pa-radz, vedz, vrun-didz, etc. Aesti
\nzboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari cu i ca: a-mi-radzi, a-mi-ridzi, a-r\u00e3dzi,
\nas-t\u00e3dzi, a-sudzi, badzi, b\u00e3-lidzi, bur-lidzi, chi-r\u00e3-midzi, fadzi, fudzi,
\nl\u00e3-ludzi, ledzi, lum-b\u00e3dzi, pa-radzi, vedzi, vrun-didzi, etc.
\n(iv) Zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3
\nconsoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 lj, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i, ca zboar\u00e3li: as-pelj, calj,
\ncea-calj, fu-melj, njelj, etc. shi verbili (la persoana-a daua, c\u00e3 la prota
\npersoan\u00e3, poati si s-avd\u00e3 cu un u-shcurtu tsi nu si scrii): a-dilj,
\ndis-polj, diz-golj, molj, talj, etc. Aesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari cu i
\nca: as-pelji, calji, cea-calji, fu-melji, njelji, etc. shi verbili (la
\npersoana-a daua, c\u00e3 la prota persoan\u00e3, poati si s-avd\u00e3 cu un u-shcurtu tsi
\nnu si scrii): a-dilji, dis-polji, diz-golji, molji, talji, etc.
\n(v) Zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3
\nconsoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 nj, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i, ca zboar\u00e3li: a-linj, anj,
\nc\u00e3s-t\u00e3nj, di-punj, fus-t\u00e3nj, g\u00e3-linj, i-conj, l\u00e3-crinj, m\u00e3nj, noa-tinj,
\noa-minj, p\u00e3nj, xenj, etc. Aesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari cu i ca:
\na-linji, anji, c\u00e3s-t\u00e3nji, di-punji, fus-t\u00e3nji, g\u00e3-linji, i-conji,
\nl\u00e3-crinji, m\u00e3nji, noa-tinji, oa-minji, p\u00e3nji, xenji, etc. <\/span>
\n(vi) Zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3
\nconsoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 sh, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i, ca zboar\u00e3li: a-rosh, a-ush,
\nc\u00e3-tush, ci-resh (plural), mash, m\u00e3-nush, min-ghiush (plural masculin, nu
\nfimininlu min-ghiu-shi), prash (plural), ush, etc. shi verbili (la
\npersoana-a daua, c\u00e3 la prota persoan\u00e3, poati si s-avd\u00e3 cu un u-shcurtu tsi
\nnu si scrii): \u00e3n-fash, \u00e3n-grosh, bash, chish, etc. Aesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu
\nscriari cu i ca: a-roshi, a-ushi, c\u00e3-tushi, ci-reshi, mashi, m\u00e3-nushi,
\nmin-ghiushi (plural masculin, nu fimininlu min-ghiu-shi), prashi, ushi,
\netc. shi verbili (la persoana-a daua, c\u00e3 la prota persoan\u00e3, poati si s-avd\u00e3
\ncu un u-shcurtu tsi nu si scrii): \u00e3n-fashi, \u00e3n-groshi, bashi, chishi, etc.
\n(vii) Zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3
\nconsoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 ts, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i, ca zboar\u00e3li: a-r\u00e3ts, a-vets,
\na-vuts, bl\u00e3s-ti-mats, car-ca-lets, c\u00e3n-tats, chi-ruts, cu-m\u00e3ts, dats, fats,
\nfrats, m\u00e3-rats, mi-lets, mi-nuts, pots, prots, scots, shi-dets, tuts, etc.
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari cu i ca: a-r\u00e3tsi, a-vetsi, a-vutsi,
\nbl\u00e3s-ti-matsi, car-ca-letsi, c\u00e3n-tatsi, chi-rutsi, cu-m\u00e3tsi, datsi, fatsi,
\nfratsi, m\u00e3-ratsi, mi-letsi, mi-nutsi, potsi, protsi, scotsi, shi-detsi,
\ntutsi, etc. <\/span>
\nNoti – (i) Formili adilji, \u00e3nfashi, bashi, talji, nu suntu formi tr\u00e3 a daua
\npersoan\u00e3 (nu si scrii: tini a-dilji, tini \u00e3n-fashi, tini bashi, tini
\ntalji), ma tr\u00e3 a treia persoan\u00e3 iu i-lu easti un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 (shi si scrii:
\nel\/ea a-di-lji, el\/ea \u00e3n-fa-shi, el\/ea ba-shi, el\/ea ta-lji); <\/span>
\n(ii) forma aroshi, nu easti forma di la masculin plural (a-rosh), ma easti
\nfimininlu la singular, (a-ro-shi), iu i-lu easti un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3; <\/span>
\n(iii) forma aushi, nu easti forma di la masculin plural (a-ush), ma easti
\nun\u00e3 dirivat\u00e3 di-a verbului aushescu (exemplu: el a-u-shi multu); <\/span>
\n(iv) calji, easti un\u00e3 form\u00e3 (nibun\u00e3 tr\u00e3 scriari) la plural (ca-lji), a
\nzborlui cal; tr\u00e3 pluralu-a zborlui cal, noi scriem calj-lji; <\/span>
\n(v) zborlu c\u00e3s-t\u00e3-nji, easti fruhtul di la pomlu c\u00e3s-t\u00e3nj (la singular, tsi
\ns-avdi cu un u-shcurtu tu soni); <\/span>
\n(vi) mashi, adutsi cunfuzii cu zborlu ma-shi\/m\u00e3-she, h\u00e3latea cu cari
\ns-acats\u00e3 jarlu-a foclui; shi <\/span>
\n(vii) zboar\u00e3li ush, c\u00e3-tush, m\u00e3-nush, suntu formili (di la plural) cari, ma
\ns-hib\u00e3 scriati cu semivocala i tu bitisit\u00e3 ca: ushi, c\u00e3-tushi, m\u00e3-nushi,
\npot s-hib\u00e3 mintiti cu singularlu: u-shi, c\u00e3-tu-shi, m\u00e3-nu-shi, iu i-lu
\neasti un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3, ashi cum s-avdu tu multi graiuri arm\u00e3neshti (c\u00e3 tu alti
\ngraiuri aesti zboar\u00e3 pot si s-pronunts\u00e3 la singular shi u-sh\u00e3, c\u00e3-tu-sh\u00e3,
\nm\u00e3-nu-sh\u00e3).<\/p>\n

(2) Zboar\u00e3li tsi au diftondz\u00e3lj ic\u00e3 triftondz\u00e3lj: ia\/ai, \u00e3i, ie\/ei, io\/oi,
\nii, iu\/ui, ioa\/oai, eai, lipsescu scriari ca zboar\u00e3li: a-giun-gu, \u00e3n-ghios,
\nchiosh-cu, ci-cior, cioc, ciu-di-i\/ciu-di-e, ciu-mag, fi-cior, fi-ciu-ric,
\nghium, gio-ni, ia-ra, ear-b\u00e3, iar-n\u00e3, iu-va, min-ciu-n\u00e3, a-drai, a-r\u00e3i
\n(pluralu di la adgectivlu ar\u00e3u, nu dirivata a-r\u00e3-i di la verbul ar\u00e3escu),
\nbi-lii, boi (pr\u00e3vdz\u00e3, nu bo-i\/bo-e!), fu-dzii, fui, m\u00e3-cai, m\u00e3-r\u00e3-cui,
\npish-ti-rei, ui-di-ses-cu, vi-dzui, beai, bu-geai, ceai, ci-cioa-ri,
\ncioa-r\u00e3, cu-reai, dz\u00e3-tseai, greai, loai, ncioa-mir, etc. <\/span>
\nExceptsiili va s-hib\u00e3 mash atseali aspusi tu lectsiili iu zbur\u00e3m (ic\u00e3 iu va
\nzbur\u00e3m) tr\u00e3 vocalili a, e, o shi u, va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, ti zboar\u00e3 cari lipsescu
\nscriari ca: ac-shu, a-r\u00e3-chi-e, a-r\u00e3-es-cu, a-r\u00e3-njos, a-yeas-pi, a-yi-nja,
\nbu-ja-n\u00e3, c\u00e3-tu-sha, chep-tu, ciu-di-e, coa-ja, fu-ljor, ge-pi, gu-sha,
\nh\u00e3-njuri, her, ed, es, i-ti-a, ja-li, lam-nja, ljer-tu, li-shor, Ma-ri-a,
\nmin-du-es-cu, moa-sha, mush-clju, nja-ri, njel, oa-e, pea-ja, ploa-e,
\npreac-lja, scu-ljo, ti-nji-a, un-glja, u-sha, v\u00e3-lju-ri, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari ca: ac-shiu, a-r\u00e3-chi-ie, a-r\u00e3-ies-cu,
\na-r\u00e3-njios, a-yias-pi, a-yi-njia\/a-yi-njea, bu-jia-n\u00e3\/bu-jea-n\u00e3,
\nc\u00e3-tu-shia\/c\u00e3-tu-shea, chiep-tu, ciu-di-ie, coa-jia\/coa-jea, fu-ljior,
\ngie-pi, gu-shia\/gu-shea, h\u00e3-njiuri, hier, ied, ies, i-ti-ia\/i-ti-ea,
\njia-li\/jea-li, lam-njia\/lam-njea, ljier-tu, li-shior, Ma-ri-ia\/Ma-ri-ea,
\nmin-du-ies-cu, moa-shia\/moa-shea, mush-cljiu, njia-ri\/njea-ri, njiel,
\noa-ie, pea-jia\/pea-jea, ploa-ie, preac-ljia\/prea-cljea, scu-ljio,
\nti-nji-ia\/ti-nji-ea, un-gljia\/un-gljea, u-shia\/u-shea, v\u00e3-ljiu-ri, etc.
\nNota 1 – Tr\u00e3 diftondz\u00e3lj ic\u00e3 triftondz\u00e3lj ia, ie, ioa\/oai, shi eai, avem
\nzbur\u00e3t\u00e3 tu lectsiili-a sonurlor a shi e. Tr\u00e3 diftondz\u00e3lj io\/oi shi iu\/ui va
\nzbur\u00e3m tu lectsiili-a sonurlor o shi u. Iar\u00e3 tr\u00e3 diftongul ii, nu-avem
\ntsiva tr\u00e3 spuneari, c\u00e3 nu prizint\u00e3 v\u00e3rn\u00e3 prublem\u00e3.
\nNota 2 – Tu diftondz\u00e3lj shi triftondz\u00e3lj dit regula aspus\u00e3 aoa, i-lu easti
\nsemivocal\u00e3, nu ca tu zboar\u00e3li ar-niu, c\u00e3r-ci-liu, c\u00e3r-di-liu, hiu, ir-njiu,
\nshtiu, sti-hiu, sti-hii, yiu, etc. iu i-lu easti vocal\u00e3.
\nNota 3 – Aoa zbur\u00e3m di sonuri dit un diftongu, nu sonuri tsi s-afl\u00e3
\nmp\u00e3rts\u00e3ti tu dau\u00e3 silabi; ca bun\u00e3oar\u00e3 tu zboar\u00e3li: di-pri-u-n\u00e3, h\u00e3-ri-os,
\nhu-e\/hu-i, i-ti-a, Ma-ri-a, ni-or, ni-oas-pi, pri-o-ni, ti-nji-a, tsi-ur,
\netc. <\/span>
\nNota 4 -C\u00e3ndu yin dup\u00e3 combinatsiili di litiri: lj, nj, sh (ca tu zborlu
\nljai, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3) e-lu shcurtu dit triftongul eai nu si scrii (ashi c\u00e3
\ntriftongul s-transform\u00e3 tu diftongul ai).<\/p>\n

(3) (i) Avem zboar\u00e3 (masculini shi fiminini) tsi bitisescu la plural cu ri
\n(semivocal\u00e3 i), ca: a-buri, a-huri, a-r\u00e3-uri, ar-buri, b\u00e3-sheri, c\u00e3-ljuri,
\nc\u00e3-r\u00e3ri, ci-d\u00e3ri, dze-nuri, dzi-niri, fi-ciori, guri, lje-puri, lo-curi,
\nm\u00e3-c\u00e3ri, mur-dari, Njer-curi (la plural sh-la singular!), nu-r\u00e3ri, mori,
\np\u00e3-duri, pra-guri, seri, si-nuri, su-dori, su-r\u00e3ri, tif-teri, sc\u00e3ri,
\nv\u00e3-ljuri, vim-turi, etc. C\u00e3ndu suntu articulati, aesti zboar\u00e3 lipsescu
\nscriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala i ca: <\/span>
\n(a) la nominativ shi acuzativ, a-bur-lji, a-hur-li, a-r\u00e3-ur-li, ar-bur-lji,
\nb\u00e3-sher-li, c\u00e3-ljur-li, c\u00e3-r\u00e3r-li, ci-d\u00e3r-li, dze-nur-li, dzi-nir-lji,
\nfi-cior-lji, gur-li, lje-pur-lji, lo-cur-li, m\u00e3-c\u00e3r-li, mur-dar-lji,
\nNjer-cur-li, nu-r\u00e3r-li, mor-li, p\u00e3-dur-li, pra-gur-li, ser-li, si-nur-li,
\nsu-dor-li, su-r\u00e3r-li, tif-ter-li, sc\u00e3r-li, v\u00e3-ljur-li, vim-turli, etc shi <\/span>
\n(b) la genitiv shi dativ, a-bur-lor, a-hur-lor, a-r\u00e3-ur-lor, ar-bur-lor,
\nb\u00e3-sher-lor, c\u00e3-ljur-lor, c\u00e3-r\u00e3r-lor, ci-d\u00e3r-lor, dze-nur-lor, dzi-nir-lor,
\nfi-cior-lor, gur-lor, lje-pur-lor, lo-cur-lor, m\u00e3-c\u00e3r-lor, mur-dar-lor,
\nNjer-cur-lor, nu-r\u00e3r-lor, mor-lor, p\u00e3-dur-lor, pra-gur-lor, ser-lor,
\nsi-nur-lor, su-dor-lor, su-r\u00e3r-lor, tif-ter-lor, sc\u00e3r-lor, v\u00e3-ljur-lor,
\nvim-tur-lor, etc.
\n(ii) Avem zboar\u00e3 (masculini shi fiminini), tsi bitisescu la plural cu ci,
\nhi, chi, gi, ghi, ji, vi shi yi (semivocal\u00e3 i), ca: a-m\u00e3hi, a-m\u00e3yi,
\na-vl\u00e3chi, ayi, a-rachi, a-raghi, b\u00e3-buchi, b\u00e3r-g\u00e3ci, bi-li-gichi, bu-havi,
\nbu-luchi, c\u00e3-l\u00e3hi, c\u00e3-mi-l\u00e3hi, c\u00e3m-cichi, c\u00e3-r\u00e3yi, c\u00e3-p\u00e3chi, cu-n\u00e3yi,
\ncir-cehi, coji, du-l\u00e3chi, ftohi, fu-shechi, g\u00e3gi, gechi, hri-s\u00e3hi, i-s\u00e3chi,
\ni-sihi, is-n\u00e3hi, l\u00e3hi, longi, lu-m\u00e3chi, mi-r\u00e3chi, nichi, peji, ploci,
\npresh-cayi, psohi, sclayi, slaghi, strehi, stu-m\u00e3hi, su-c\u00e3chi, tihi,
\ntim-bihi, vlahi, zeghi, zu-l\u00e3chi, etc. C\u00e3ndu suntu articulati, aesti zboar\u00e3
\nlipsescu scriari cu semivocala i ca: <\/span>
\n(a) la nominativ shi acuzativ, a-m\u00e3hi-li, a-m\u00e3yi-li, a-vl\u00e3chi-li, ayi-lji,
\na-rachi-lji, a-raghi-lji, b\u00e3-buchi-li, b\u00e3r-g\u00e3ci-li, bi-li-gichi-li,
\nbu-havi-lji, bu-luchi-li, c\u00e3-l\u00e3hi-li, c\u00e3-mi-l\u00e3hi-li, c\u00e3m-cichi-li,
\nc\u00e3-r\u00e3yi-li, c\u00e3-p\u00e3chi-li, cu-n\u00e3yi-li, cir-cehi-li, coji-li, du-l\u00e3chi-li,
\nftohi-lji, fu-shechi-li, g\u00e3gi-li, gechi-li, hri-s\u00e3hi-li, i-s\u00e3chi-li,
\ni-sihi-lji, is-n\u00e3hi-li, l\u00e3hi-li, longi-li, lu-m\u00e3chi-li, mi-r\u00e3chi-li,
\nnichi-li, peji-li, ploci-li, presh-cayi-lji, psohi-lji, sclayi-lji,
\nslaghi-lji, strehi-li, stu-m\u00e3hi-li, su-c\u00e3chi-li, tihi-li, tim-bihi-li,
\nvlahi-lji, zeghi-li, zu-l\u00e3chi-li, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(b) la genitiv shi dativ, a-m\u00e3hi-lor, a-m\u00e3yi-lor, a-vl\u00e3chi-lor, ayi-lor,
\na-rachi-lor, a-raghi-lor, b\u00e3-buchi-lor, b\u00e3r-g\u00e3ci-lor, bi-li-gichi-lor,
\nbu-havi-lor, bu-luchi-lor, c\u00e3-l\u00e3hi-lor, c\u00e3-mi-l\u00e3hi-lor, c\u00e3m-cichi-lor,
\nc\u00e3-r\u00e3yi-lor, c\u00e3-p\u00e3chi-lor, cu-n\u00e3yi-lor, cir-cehi-lor, coji-lor,
\ndu-l\u00e3chi-lor, ftohi-lor, fu-shechi-lor, g\u00e3gi-lor, gechi-lor, hri-s\u00e3hi-lor,
\ni-s\u00e3chi-lor, i-sihi-lor, is-n\u00e3hi-lor, l\u00e3hi-lor, longi-lor, lu-m\u00e3chi-lor,
\nmi-r\u00e3chi-lor, nichi-lor, peji-lor, ploci-lor, presh-cayi-lor, psohi-lor,
\nsclayi-lor, slaghi-lor, strehi-lor, stu-m\u00e3hi-lor, su-c\u00e3chi-lor, tihi-lor,
\ntim-bihi-lor, vlahi-lor, zeghi-lor, zu-l\u00e3chi-lor, etc.
\n(iii) Avem zboar\u00e3, tsi bitisescu la plural cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i tsi yini
\ndup\u00e3 un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3, ca: cea-rei, ciu-dii, cljei, cu-prii, g\u00e3i, Gioi, hui,
\nir-njii, i-si-hii, i-tii, m\u00e3i, pa-rei, ploi, pus-ti-lii, soi, yii, znjii,
\netc. C\u00e3ndu suntu articulati, aesti zboar\u00e3 lipsescu scriari cu semivocala i
\nca: <\/span>
\n(a) la nominativ shi acuzativ, cea-rei-li, ciu-dii-li, cljei-li,
\ncu-prii-li, g\u00e3i-li, Gioi-li, hui-li, ir-njii-li, i-si-hii-li, i-tii-li,
\nm\u00e3i-li, pa-rei-li, ploi-li, pus-ti-lii-li, soi-li, yii-li\/yii-lji,
\nznjii-li, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(b) la genitiv shi dativ, cea-rei-lor, ciu-dii-lor, cljei-lor, cu-prii-lor,
\ng\u00e3i-lor, Gioi-lor, hui-lor, ir-njii-lor, i-si-hii-lor, i-tii-lor, m\u00e3i-lor,
\npa-rei-lor, ploi-lor, pus-ti-lii-lor, soi-lor, yii-lor, znjii-lor, etc.<\/p>\n

PRUBLEM\u00c3
\nTu-aest\u00e3 prublem\u00e3 va d\u00e3m un textu tu cari va si s-afl\u00e3 ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3
\nniscriati ghini. Lucrul a cititorlui va s-hib\u00e3 ta s-li afl\u00e3 aesti zboar\u00e3,
\ns-li ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 cum lipseashti shi s-afl\u00e3 tsi regul\u00e3 dit lectsia di ma
\nnsus avem c\u00e3lcat\u00e3 tu scriari.<\/p>\n

Prublem\u00e3 – Ast\u00e3dzi, un\u00e3 dzu\u00e3 mushat\u00e3 di Maiu, imnam tu p\u00e3durea cu fadzi c\u00e3
\nsuc\u00e3chli nu para eara buni. C\u00e3nili yinea dup\u00e3 mini. Yineam di la sculjo
\nsh-nidzeam c\u00e3tr\u00e3 casa-a feat\u00e3ljei shi a dzinirlui a meu. Mindueam c\u00e3 elji
\nsuntu acas\u00e3 ma nu earam sigur. Chirolu eara ca ntunicat. Soarli nu s-para
\nvidea di itia-a arburilor. Avea dat\u00e3 niheam\u00e3 ploai sh-perlu nji s-avea
\nudat\u00e3. Scosh cheaptinli din gepi, shi-ca s\u00e3-nji discaciu niheam\u00e3 perlu, mi
\nchiptinaiu. “Mi-aprochiu di cas\u00e3” nji-dz\u00e3shiu cu mintea, shi vream
\ns-mi-aspun cu perlu ndreptu. Earam avursit di tuti v\u00e3ljurili shi dzenurili
\ntsi-aveam tricut\u00e3. <\/span>
\nAgiumshu la casa-a feat\u00e3-meai. Avea tricut\u00e3 ndoi anji di c\u00e3ndu u-avea
\nacumprat\u00e3 casa. Cum nu eara avutsi, casa tsi-avea acumprat\u00e3, eara njic\u00e3
\nsh-adrat\u00e3 di chirimidzi. Avea sh-un\u00e3 ahuri tr\u00e3 njelji, noatinji sh-calji.
\nAhurea nu eara curat\u00e3 sh-avea multi b\u00e3lidzi. Tu-avlii avea doi cireshi,
\nv\u00e3r\u00e3 trei-patru cupaci shi trei c\u00e3st\u00e3nji. Lum\u00e3chli-a c\u00e3st\u00e3njlor eara
\nnc\u00e3rcati di c\u00e3st\u00e3nji. Cojli di c\u00e3st\u00e3nji eara arcati mpadi. Avea sh-un\u00e3
\ngr\u00e3din\u00e3 cu multi l\u00e3ludzi mushati. Ma b\u00e3buchli-a l\u00e3ludzilor nu-avea
\ndishcljis\u00e3 ninga. Hilji-mea eara nafoar\u00e3 tu-avlie, ning\u00e3 un cupaciu gros,
\ncu-un pociu sh-un ghiumaciu. “Va ti-acatsi s-aspelji tsiva stranji?” u
\nntribaiu. “Nu, voiu s-ljau mashi niheam\u00e3 ap\u00e3 ti n cas\u00e3”, nji-turn\u00e3 ea
\nzborlu. Ndau\u00e3 g\u00e3ljinji sh-un cucuticiu ans\u00e3rea prining\u00e3 ndoilji cupaci dit
\navlii sh-un ariciu imna peagalea. Loai s-u bashiu, shi-nji si p\u00e3rea c\u00e3 nu
\npara vrea s-mi bashi sh-ea. N\u00e3s\u00e3 nu para eara oaspit\u00e3 cu b\u00e3sherili. “C\u00e3tse
\nnu vrei s-mi bashi?” u c\u00e3rtii niheam\u00e3. Mi feciu c\u00e3 nu voi s-intru n cas\u00e3.
\nNji-eara c\u00e3 va mi ncaciu cu dzinir-njiu. P\u00e3n\u00e3 tu soni intraiu. <\/span>
\nHilji-mea avea multi iconji pi stizm\u00e3. Tu-un cohiu a ud\u00e3lui, s-afla un\u00e3
\nicoan\u00e3 cu-un ayiu. Ficiorilji a ljei eara m\u00e3ri sh-avea vgat\u00e3 din cas\u00e3 cu
\nnur\u00e3rili a ljei. Shidea tu-un\u00e3 alt\u00e3 hoar\u00e3, deadun cu sur\u00e3rili a lor.
\nGionili-a ljei s-afla n cas\u00e3. “Tsi fatsi? lu ntribaiu.” “Ia, nu vedzi tsi
\ns-fatsi n cas\u00e3? Tsi vrundidzi m\u00e3ri am?”. Vrui s\u00e3-lji dau ndoi paradzi, ma
\nnu vru s\u00e3-lji lja. Cum nu para avea vimtu n cas\u00e3, aduchii c-adiljiu greu.
\nVidzui c\u00e3 dzinir-nju adilji sh-el greu shi-lji dz\u00e3shiu: “Tini potsi
\ns-adilji? Nu mi vedzi mini c\u00e3 mizi adiljiu?” “Ti ved” \u00e3nji toarn\u00e3 el
\nzborlu. “Ma s-nu ti-ar\u00e3seasc\u00e3, fudzi din cas\u00e3, ashi cum fudzi aieri Tolji”.<\/p>\n

DIZLIGAREA-A PRUBLEM\u00c3LJEI
\nZboar\u00e3li tsi nu suntu scriati ghini (shi ndau\u00e3 alti cari suntu scriati
\nghini) va s-hib\u00e3 sumliniati. Deapoea, tr\u00e3 cati zbor, va s-aspunem regulili
\ntsi fur\u00e3 c\u00e3lcati.<\/p>\n

Prublem\u00e3 – Ast\u00e3dz, un\u00e3 dzu\u00e3 mushat\u00e3 di Mai, imnam tu p\u00e3durea cu fadz c\u00e3
\nsuc\u00e3chili nu para eara buni. C\u00e3nili yinea dup\u00e3 mini. Yineam di la sculjo
\nsh-nidzeam c\u00e3tr\u00e3 casa-a feat\u00e3ljei shi a dzinirlui a meu. Mindueam c\u00e3 elj
\nsuntu acas\u00e3 ma nu earam sigur. Chirolu eara ca ntunicat. Soarli nu s-para
\nvidea di itia-a arburlor. Avea dat\u00e3 niheam\u00e3 ploai sh-perlu nji s-avea
\nudat\u00e3. Scosh cheaptinli din gepi, sh-ca s\u00e3-nj discac niheam\u00e3 perlu, mi
\nchiptinai. “Mi-aprochi di cas\u00e3” nj-dz\u00e3sh cu mintea, shi vream s-mi-aspun cu
\nperlu ndreptu. Earam avursit di tuti v\u00e3ljurli shi dzenurli tsi-aveam tricut\u00e3. <\/span>
\nAgiumshu la casa-a feat\u00e3-meai. Avea tricut\u00e3 ndoi anj di c\u00e3ndu u-avea
\nacumprat\u00e3 casa. Cum nu eara avuts, casa tsi-avea acumprat\u00e3, eara njic\u00e3
\nsh-adrat\u00e3 di chirimidz. Avea sh-un\u00e3 ahuri tr\u00e3 njelj, noatinj sh-calj.
\nAhurea nu eara curat\u00e3 sh-avea multi b\u00e3lidz. Tu-avlii avea doi ciresh, v\u00e3r\u00e3
\ntrei-patru cupaci shi trei c\u00e3st\u00e3nj. Lum\u00e3chili-a c\u00e3st\u00e3njlor eara nc\u00e3rcati di
\nc\u00e3st\u00e3nji. Cojili di c\u00e3st\u00e3nji eara arcati mpadi. Avea sh-un\u00e3 gr\u00e3din\u00e3 cu
\nmulti l\u00e3ludz mushati. Ma b\u00e3buchili-a l\u00e3ludzlor nu-avea dishcljis\u00e3 ninga.
\nHilji-mea eara nafoar\u00e3 tu-avlie, ning\u00e3 un cupaci gros, cu-un poci sh-un
\nghiumaci. “Va ti-acats s-aspelj tsiva stranji?” u ntribai. “Nu, voiu s-ljau
\nmash niheam\u00e3 ap\u00e3 ti n cas\u00e3”, nj-turn\u00e3 ea zborlu. Ndau\u00e3 g\u00e3ljinj sh-un
\ncucutici ans\u00e3rea prining\u00e3 ndoilji cupaci dit avlii sh-un arici imna
\npeagalea. Loai s-u bashi, shi-nj si p\u00e3rea c\u00e3 nu para vrea s-mi bashi sh-ea.
\nN\u00e3s\u00e3 nu para eara oaspit\u00e3 cu b\u00e3sherli. “C\u00e3tse nu vrei s-mi bash?” u c\u00e3rtii
\nniheam\u00e3. Mi feci c\u00e3 nu voi s-intru n cas\u00e3. Nj-eara c\u00e3 va mi ncaci cu
\ndzinir-njiu. P\u00e3n\u00e3 tu soni intrai. <\/span>
\nHilji-mea avea multi iconj pi stizm\u00e3. Tu-un cohi a ud\u00e3lui, s-afla un\u00e3
\nicoan\u00e3 cu-un ayi. Ficiorlji a ljei eara m\u00e3ri sh-avea vgat\u00e3 din cas\u00e3 cu
\nnur\u00e3rli a ljei. Shidea tu-un\u00e3 alt\u00e3 hoar\u00e3, deadun cu sur\u00e3rli a lor.
\nGionili-a ljei s-afla n cas\u00e3. “Tsi fats? lu ntribai.” “Ia, nu vedz tsi
\ns-fatsi n cas\u00e3? Tsi vrundidz m\u00e3ri am?”. Vrui s\u00e3-lj dau ndoi paradz, ma nu
\nvru s\u00e3-lj lja. Cum nu para avea vimtu n cas\u00e3, aduchii c-adilji greu. Vidzui
\nc\u00e3 dzinir-nju adilji sh-el greu shi-lji dz\u00e3sh: “Tini potsi s-adilj? Nu mi
\nvedzi mini c\u00e3 mizi adilj?” “Ti ved” \u00e3nj toarn\u00e3 el zborlu. “Ma s-nu
\nti-ar\u00e3seasc\u00e3, fudz din cas\u00e3, ashi cum fudzi aieri Tolj”.<\/p>\n

(1) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li masculini (shi niutri singular) tsi bitisescu
\ncu ri shi ni (vocal\u00e3 i, niactsintuat\u00e3) tsi yini dup\u00e3 un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3, pot ca s\u00e3
\nsh-u-al\u00e3xeasc\u00e3 vocala i (dit ri shi ni) tu semivocal\u00e3. Aest\u00e3
\nvocal\u00e3\/semivocal\u00e3 poati si s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 i s-nu s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3, dup\u00e3 cum u
\nva omlu. Aht\u00e3ri suntu zboar\u00e3li: “c\u00e3nili, dzinirlui, soarli, cheaptinli,
\ngionili” tsi suntu scriati f\u00e3r\u00e3 alathus. Ma aesti zboar\u00e3 pot s-hib\u00e3 scriati
\nshi: “c\u00e3nli, dzinirilui, soarili, cheaptinili, gionli”.
\n(2) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li (masculini shi fiminini) tsi bitisescu la
\nplural cu ri (semivocal\u00e3 i), c\u00e3ndu suntu articulati, aesti zboar\u00e3 lipsescu
\nscriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 semivocala i. Tr-atsea scriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor:
\n“arburilor, v\u00e3ljurili, dzenurili, ficiorilji, nur\u00e3rili, sur\u00e3rili,
\nb\u00e3sherili” easti: “arburlor, v\u00e3ljurli, dzenurli, ficiorlji, nur\u00e3rli,
\nsur\u00e3rli, b\u00e3sherli”.
\n(3) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li (masculini shi fiminini) tsi bitisescu la
\nplural cu ci, hi, chi, gi, ghi, ji, vi shi yi (semivocal\u00e3 i), c\u00e3ndu suntu
\narticulati, aesti zboar\u00e3 lipsescu scriari cu semivocala i. Tr-atsea
\nscriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor: “lum\u00e3chli, cojli, b\u00e3buchli, suc\u00e3chli” easti:
\n“lum\u00e3chili, cojili, b\u00e3buchili, suc\u00e3chili”
\n(4) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu cu combinatsia (di dau\u00e3
\nsemivocali) iu cari yini dup\u00e3 consoanili (simpli shi compusi): c, ch, g,
\ngh, h, shi y, lipsescu scriari mash cu semivocala i (semivocala u nu s\u00e3
\nngr\u00e3pseashti). Tr-atsea scriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor: “discaciu,
\nmi-aprochiu, cupaciu, pociu, ghiumaciu, cucuticiu, ariciu, feciu, ncaciu,
\ncohiu, ayiu” easti: “discaci, mi-aprochi, cupaci, poci, ghiumaci, cucutici,
\narici, feci, ncaci, cohi, ayi”.
\n(5) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li tsi bitisescu cu combinatsia (di dau\u00e3
\nsemivocali) iu cari yini dup\u00e3 vocalili a shi o ic\u00e3 diftondz\u00e3lj oa shi ea
\n(ca parti dit diftondz\u00e3lj ic\u00e3 triftondz\u00e3lj ai, oi, oai shi eai, cu vocali
\na\/o, semivocali i\/e\/o), lipsescu scriari mash cu semivocala i (semivocala u
\nnu s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseashti). Tr-atsea scriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor: “Maiu,
\nchiptinaiu, intraiu, ntribaiu” easti: “Mai, chiptinai, intrai, ntribai”. <\/span>
\nAest\u00e3 regul\u00e3 s-advg\u00e3 la un\u00e3 alt\u00e3 regul\u00e3 tsi dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 semivocala i cari
\nyini dup\u00e3 litirili compusi sh, nj, lj, etc. nu s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseashti. Tr-atsea,
\nzboar\u00e3li: “bashiu, dz\u00e3shiu, adiljiu” lipsescu ngr\u00e3psiri: “bash, dz\u00e3sh, adilj”.
\n(6) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini
\ndup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3 consoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 dz, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i Tr-atsea
\nscriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor: “ast\u00e3dzi, fadzi, chirimidzi, b\u00e3lidzi,
\nl\u00e3ludzi, l\u00e3ludzilor, paradzi, vedzi, vrundidzi,” easti: “ast\u00e3dz, fadz,
\nchirimidz, b\u00e3lidz, l\u00e3ludz, l\u00e3ludzlor, paradz, vedz, vrundidz, fudz”.
\n(7) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini
\ndup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3 consoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 lj, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i Tr-atsea
\nscriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor: “elji, njelji, calji, s-aspelji, s\u00e3-lji,
\nadilji Tolji” easti: “elj, njelj, calj, s-aspelj, s\u00e3-lj, adilj, Tolj”.
\n(8) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini
\ndup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3 consoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 nj, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i Tr-atsea
\nscriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor: “s\u00e3-nji, nji-dz\u00e3sh, c\u00e3st\u00e3nji, anji,
\nnoatinji, nji-turn\u00e3, g\u00e3ljinji, shi-nji, nji-eara, iconji, \u00e3nji” easti:
\n“s\u00e3-nj, nj-dz\u00e3sh, c\u00e3st\u00e3nj, anj, noatinj, nj-turn\u00e3, g\u00e3ljinj, shi-nj,
\nnj-eara, iconj, \u00e3nj”.
\n(9) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini
\ndup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3 consoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 sh, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i Tr-atsea
\nscriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor: “shi-ca, cireshi, mashi, bashi” easti:
\n“sh-ca, ciresh, mash, bash”.
\n(10) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li iu semivocala i s-avdi tu bitisit\u00e3 sh-yini
\ndup\u00e3 un\u00e3 singur\u00e3 consoan\u00e3 compus\u00e3 ts, lipsescu scriari f\u00e3r\u00e3 i Tr-atsea
\nscriarea ndreapt\u00e3 a zboar\u00e3lor: “avutsi, ti-acatsi, fatsi” easti: “avuts,
\nti-acats, fats”.
\n(11) Multi ori, dirivati di-a idyiului zbor pot s-aib\u00e3 un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 i,
\nsh-alt\u00e3oar\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i. Atumtsea, un\u00e3 dirivat\u00e3 si scrii cu litira i
\n(c\u00e3ndu i easti vocal\u00e3) sh-alant\u00e3 dirivat\u00e3 s\u00e3 scrii f\u00e3r\u00e3 litira i (c\u00e3ndu i
\neasti semivocal\u00e3). Va d\u00e3m ma nghios ndau\u00e3 exempli:
\n(i) Tu expresia: “Tu-avlii avea doi ciresh, v\u00e3r\u00e3 trei-patru cupaci shi trei
\nc\u00e3st\u00e3nji. Lum\u00e3chili-a c\u00e3st\u00e3njlor eara nc\u00e3rcati di c\u00e3st\u00e3nji”, protlu zbor
\n“c\u00e3st\u00e3nji” lipseashti scriari “c\u00e3s-t\u00e3nj” c\u00e3 i-lu dit coad\u00e3 easti semivocal\u00e3
\n(pluralu-a pomlui c\u00e3st\u00e3nj, tsi s-avdi cu semivocala iu) iar\u00e3 andoilu
\n“c\u00e3st\u00e3nji” easti pluralu-a yimishiljei, cari easti scriat cum lipseashti,
\n“c\u00e3s-t\u00e3-nji”, c\u00e3 i-lu dit soni easti vocal\u00e3 (sh-cari la singular si scrii
\ntut “c\u00e3st\u00e3nji”). Tr-atsea expresia lipseashti scriari: “Tu-avlii avea doi
\nciresh, v\u00e3r\u00e3 trei-patru cupaci shi trei c\u00e3st\u00e3nj. Lum\u00e3chili-a c\u00e3st\u00e3njlor
\neara nc\u00e3rcati di c\u00e3st\u00e3nji.”
\n(ii) Avem expresia: “Loai s-u bashiu, shi-nj si p\u00e3rea c\u00e3 nu para vrea s-mi
\nbashi sh-ea. C\u00e3tse nu vrei s-mi bashi?”. Itia tr\u00e3 cari protlu “bashiu”
\n(prizentu, prota persoan\u00e3 la singular) s\u00e3 scrii “bash” u-aspusim ma nsus,
\nandoilu “bashi” (prizentu, antreia persoan\u00e3 la singular) easti scriat cum
\nlipseashti “ba-shi” c\u00e3 ari vocal\u00e3 i, iar\u00e3 antreilu “bashi” (prizentu,
\nandaua persoan\u00e3 la singular) s\u00e3 scrii “bash” c\u00e3 i-lu easti un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3.
\nTr-atsea expresia lipseashti scriari: “Loai s-u bash, shi-nj si p\u00e3rea c\u00e3 nu
\npara vrea s-mi bashi sh-ea. C\u00e3tse nu vrei s-mi bash?”.
\n(iii) Tu expresia: “Tsi fatsi? lu ntribai.” “Ia, nu vedz tsi s-fatsi n
\ncas\u00e3?”, protlu “fatsi” (prizentu, persoana-a daua, singular) lipseashti
\nscriari “fats” c\u00e3 i-lu easti semivocal\u00e3, iar\u00e3 andoilu “fatsi” easti scriat
\ncum lipseashti, “fa-tsi”, c\u00e3 i-lu easti un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3. Tr-atsea expresia va
\nscriari: “Tsi fats? lu ntribai.” “Ia, nu vedz tsi s-fatsi n cas\u00e3?” <\/span>
\n(iv) Avem expresia: “aduchii c-adiljiu greu. Vidzui c\u00e3 dzinir-njiu adilji
\nsh-el greu shi-lji dz\u00e3sh: Tini potsi s-adilji? Nu mi vedzi mini c\u00e3 mizi
\nadiljiu?”. Itia tr\u00e3 cari protlu sh-atsel dit sonu “adiljiu” (prizentu,
\nprota persoan\u00e3 la singular) si scrii “a-dilj” u-avem aspus\u00e3 ma nsus,
\nandoilu “adilji” (prizentu, antreia persoan\u00e3 la singular) easti scriat cum
\nlipseashti “a-di-lji” c\u00e3 ari vocal\u00e3 i, iar\u00e3 antreilu “adilji” (prizentu,
\nandaua persoan\u00e3 la singular) s\u00e3 scrii “a-dilj” c\u00e3 i-lu easti un\u00e3
\nsemivocal\u00e3. Tr-atsea expresia lipseashti scriari: “aduchii c-adilj greu.
\nVidzui c\u00e3 dzinir-njiu adilji sh-el greu shi-lji dz\u00e3sh: Tini potsi s-adilj?
\nNu mi vedzi mini c\u00e3 mizi adilj?”.
\n(v) Tu expresia: “Ma s-nu ti-ar\u00e3seasc\u00e3, fudzi din cas\u00e3, ashi cum fudzi
\naieri Tolj”, protlu “fudzi” (prizentu, persoana-a daua, singular)
\nlipseashti scriari “fudz” c\u00e3 i-lu easti semivocal\u00e3, iar\u00e3 andoilu “fudzi”
\n(tricut, persoana-a treia, singular) easti scriat cum lipseashti,
\n“fu-dzi”, c\u00e3 i-lu easti un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3. Tr-atsea expresia va scriari: “Ma s-nu
\nti-ar\u00e3seasc\u00e3, fudz din cas\u00e3, ashi cum fudzi aieri Tolj”.<\/p>\n

\n

CURSU DI SCRIARI ARM\u00c3NEASC\u00c3<\/strong>
\ndup\u00e3 Regulili Ast\u00e3siti la Simpozionlu di Standardizari a Scriariljei
\nArm\u00e3neasc\u00e3 di Bituli, Avgustu, 1997<\/p>\n

anyrapsit di <\/span>TIBERIUS CUNIA<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LECTSIILI 10 shi 11 – SCRIAREA-A LITIR\u00c3LJEI I Litira i poati s-aib\u00e3 ma multi sonuri. Poati s-hib\u00e3: (i) un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 i tsi s-avdi cu un son-timelj, ascur; (ii) un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 i, niactsintuat\u00e3, tu bitisita-a ma multor zboar\u00e3 (i-lu final), cari poati si s-avd\u00e3 (di nai ma multili ori, ma nu totna) cu dau\u00e3li sonuri i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-107","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLECTSIILI 10 shi 11 - TRA ARMANAMI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/cultura-armanasca\/cursuri-ti-scriari\/lectsiili-10-shi-11\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LECTSIILI 10 shi 11 - TRA ARMANAMI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LECTSIILI 10 shi 11 – SCRIAREA-A LITIR\u00c3LJEI I Litira i poati s-aib\u00e3 ma multi sonuri. 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