{"id":103,"date":"2009-10-07T21:45:45","date_gmt":"2009-10-07T20:45:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/armanami.org\/blog\/?page_id=103"},"modified":"2009-10-07T21:45:45","modified_gmt":"2009-10-07T20:45:45","slug":"lectsia-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/cultura-armanasca\/cursuri-ti-scriari\/lectsia-7\/","title":{"rendered":"LECTSIA 7"},"content":{"rendered":"

LECTSIA 7 – SCRIAREA-A LITIRILOR D, DZ, DH, E<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

LITIRILI D, DZ, DH
\nDup\u00e3 ar\u00e3zga-a zborlui sh-dup\u00e3 cum lj-easti pronuntsarea tu grailu di-acas\u00e3 a omlui, sonurli-a litir\u00e3ljei simpl\u00e3 d shi a litirilor compusi dh shi dz, suntu aspusi tu regula di ma nghios.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3: Litira simpl\u00e3 d (tsi nu-ari dup\u00e3 ea litirli h shi z), poati s-aib\u00e3:
\n(i) sonlu-timelj, latinescu, d, ic\u00e3, <\/span>
\n(ii) tu ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 di ar\u00e3zg\u00e3 gr\u00e3tseasc\u00e3 i arbinshasc\u00e3, poati s- aib\u00e3, dup\u00e3 cum easti grailu-a omlui, dau\u00e3li sonuri: sonlu latinescu d ic\u00e3 sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3: Litira compus\u00e3 dz s-avdi cu un son tsi s-afl\u00e3 nolgica di sonlu-timelj al d, shi sonlu-timelj al z.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3: Litira compus\u00e3 dh ari totna sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3:
\n(1) C\u00e3ndu nu-ari dup\u00e3 ea litira z ic\u00e3 h, litira d, s-pronunts\u00e3 cu sonlu latinescu d, tu zboar\u00e3 ca: da-d\u00e3, dai-ma, dis-car-cu, gar-du, g\u00e3r-di-n\u00e3, p\u00e3-du-ri, etc. Tu dictsiunarlu niscriat ninga, aesti zboar\u00e3 va s-hib\u00e3 scriati tuti, mash cu litira d. <\/span>
\nMa, tu ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 di ar\u00e3zg\u00e3 gr\u00e3tseasc\u00e3 (c\u00e3tiv\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 arbinshasc\u00e3) tsi s-afl\u00e3 scriati cu d (nu dh), ca: da-l\u00e3, di-na-mi, das-cal, Di-mi-tri, etc. va s-pronunts\u00e3, dup\u00e3 cum easti grail????y?u-a omlui: <\/span>
\n(i) cu sonlu latinescu d, ic\u00e3 <\/span>
\n(ii) cu sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta (dh).<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00e3ndu litira d ari dup\u00e3 ea litira z, litira compus\u00e3 dz s-avdi ca tu zboar\u00e3li: a-ra-dz\u00e3, bu-dz\u00e3, dz\u00e3c, dz\u00e3-n\u00e3, dzea-n\u00e3, dzi-ni-ri, dzu-\u00e3, etc. Aesti zboar\u00e3 suntu scriati tu dictsiunar mash cu litira compus\u00e3 dz.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00e3ndu litira d ari dup\u00e3 ea litira h, cum avem, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, tu zboar\u00e3li dha-l\u00e3, dhi-na-mi, dhas-cal, Dhi-mi-tri, etc. litira compus\u00e3 dh s-pronunts\u00e3 totna cu sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta.<\/p>\n

Not\u00e3 – B\u00e3gats oar\u00e3 c\u00e3 ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 dit punctili (1) shi (3) di ma nsus pot s-hib\u00e3 scriati dau\u00e3 turlii; em cu litira simpl\u00e3 d, em cu litira compus\u00e3 dh (tr\u00e3 sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta).
\nTu scriarea-a litir\u00e3ljei d (shi a litirilor compusi dz shi dh), afl\u00e3m \u00e3ndau\u00e3 prublemi. Nu shtim cum lipsescu scriari: <\/span>
\n(i) zboar\u00e3li tsi s-pronunts\u00e3, sh-cu sonlu z, sh-cu sonlu dz; <\/span>
\n(ii) tuti zboar\u00e3li cari s-pronunts\u00e3 cu sonlu latinescu d ma s-pronunts\u00e3 shi cu sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta (exceptsii hiindalui mash zboar\u00e3li gr\u00e3tseshti tsi au intrat\u00e3 tora tu soni tu limb\u00e3 shi suntu cunuscuti mash tu Gr\u00e3tsie); shi <\/span>
\n(iii) zboar\u00e3li tsi au gruplu di litiri nd tsi poati si s-pronunts\u00e3 shi nt. Aesti prublemi suntu dizligati tu regula di ma nghios.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3: (1) Zboar\u00e3li tsi pot s-hib\u00e3 pronuntsati shi scriati dau\u00e3 turlii, shi cu dz shi cu z, lipsescu scriari cu dz; scriarea cu z nu easti aprucheat\u00e3. Mash c\u00e3 aesti zboar\u00e3 va poat\u00e3 s-hib\u00e3 pronuntsati, sh-cu sonlu dz sh-cu sonlu z, dup\u00e3 cum easti grailu-a omlui. <\/span>
\n(2) Zboar\u00e3li di-ar\u00e3zg\u00e3 gr\u00e3tseasc\u00e3 (sh-poati arbinshasc\u00e3) cari au sonlu dhelta tu zbor, lipsescu scriari cu d, nu cu dh.
\nMash c\u00e3 scriarea-a zboar\u00e3lor cu dh easti aprucheat\u00e3 ca un\u00e3 variant\u00e3 tr-atselj tsi vor s-aspun\u00e3 maxus c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li lipsescu pronuntsari cu dhelta nu cu d.
\n(3) Suntu zboar\u00e3 tsi pot s-hib\u00e3 pronuntsati shi scriati sh-cu nd shi cu nt; multi di-aesti zboar\u00e3 lipsescu scriari cu nt ma suntu shi alti zboar\u00e3 tsi lipsescu scriari cu nd. Scriarea va si s-fac\u00e3 dup\u00e3 cum easti aspus\u00e3 tu un dictsiunar niscriat ninga.
\nExceptsiili la aesti reguli, va s-hib\u00e3-aspusi tu dictsiunar.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3:
\n(1) Avem zboar\u00e3 tsi lipsescu scriari ca: bu-dz\u00e3, dzac, dza-d\u00e3, dza-m\u00e3, dzan-gr\u00e3, dza-ri, dza-tsi, dz\u00e3n\/dz\u00e3-n\u00e3, dzea-n\u00e3, dzea-dzit\/dea-dzit\/dzea-dit, dzi-ni-ri, dzu-\u00e3, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 di ma nsus nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari ca: bu-z\u00e3, za-c, za-d\u00e3, za-m\u00e3, zan-gr\u00e3, za-ri, za-tsi, z\u00e3n\/z\u00e3-n\u00e3, zea-n\u00e3, zea-dzit\/zea-dit\/dea-zit, zi-ni-ri, zu-\u00e3, etc. cu tuti c\u00e3 suntu graiuri iu zboar\u00e3li s-pronunts\u00e3 cu z, nu cu dz. Omlu tsi zburashti acas\u00e3 aesti graiuri, poati s-li pronunts\u00e3 cu z, ma s-u va, ma lipseashti s-li ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 totna cu dz, nu cu z. <\/span>
\nExceptsii ca zborlu a-dz\u00e3, tsi va poat\u00e3 s-aib\u00e3 shi varianta a-z\u00e3, va s-hib\u00e3 aspusi tu un dictsiunar niscriat ninga.<\/p>\n

(2) Zboar\u00e3li veclji di-ar\u00e3zg\u00e3 gr\u00e3tseasc\u00e3 (c\u00e3tiv\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 shi arbinishasc\u00e3), tsi s-avdu sh-cu sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta sh-cu sonlu latinescu d, suntu multi, shi eali lipsescu scriari cu d, ca zboar\u00e3li-exempli: a-cri-d\u00e3, a-dim-tu, ad-yi-ses-cu, ai-do-n\u00e3, al-si-d\u00e3, am-bud-yi-ses-cu, a-na-pud, an-ghi-d\u00e3, a-ra-d\u00e3, a-r\u00e3-d\u00e3-tsi-n\u00e3, av-de-l\u00e3, a-yiu-di-m\u00e3, chin-din, chi-ri-mi-d\u00e3, ca-dru, cir-da-chi, coar-d\u00e3, cur-de-li, cur-du-ses-cu, da-l\u00e3, das-cal, dghi-v\u00e3-ses-cu, di-cu-njar, di-na-mi, dip-l\u00e3, dis-poti, doa-r\u00e3, do-x\u00e3, e-xu-d\u00e3, fi-mi-ri-d\u00e3, fi-ri-d\u00e3, h\u00e3i-dip-ses-cu, id-yiu, il-pi-d\u00e3, l\u00e3-lu-d\u00e3, li-va-di, lum-bar-d\u00e3, lus-chi-d\u00e3, mig-dal, mu-dis-tr\u00e3, mu-li-di, p\u00e3-tri-d\u00e3, pir-di-c\u00e3, pu-xi-ma-di, scu-ti-di, sin-do-ni, st\u00e3-fi-d\u00e3, tsi-g\u00e3-ri-d\u00e3, ur-d\u00e3, ur-di-e, z\u00e3r-ca-d\u00e3, etc. <\/span>
\nMa zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus pot si s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 sh-cu dh – ma s-va omlu s-u spun\u00e3 maxus c\u00e3 s-avdu cu sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta – ca: a-cri-dh\u00e3, a-dhim-tu, adh-yi-ses-cu, ai-dho-n\u00e3, al-si-dh\u00e3, am-budh-yi-ses-cu, a-na-pudh, an-ghi-dh\u00e3, a-ra-dh\u00e3, a-r\u00e3-dh\u00e3-tsi-n\u00e3, av-dhe-l\u00e3, a-yiu-dhi-m\u00e3, chin-dhin, chi-ri-mi-dh\u00e3, ca-dhru, cir-dha-chi, coar-dh\u00e3, cur-dhe-li, cur-dhu-ses-cu, dha-l\u00e3, dhas-cal, dhghi-v\u00e3-ses-cu, dhi-cu-njar, dhi-na-mi, dhip-l\u00e3, dhis-poti, dhoa-r\u00e3, dho-x\u00e3, e-xu-dh\u00e3, fi-mi-ri-dh\u00e3, fi-ri-dh\u00e3, h\u00e3i-dhip-ses-cu, idh-yiu, il-pi-dh\u00e3, l\u00e3-lu-dh\u00e3, li-va-dhi, lum-bar-dh\u00e3, lus-chi-dh\u00e3, mig-dhal, mu-dhis-tr\u00e3, mu-li-dhi, p\u00e3-tri-dh\u00e3, pir-dhi-c\u00e3, pu-xi-ma-dhi, scu-ti-dhi, sin-dho-ni, st\u00e3-fi-dh\u00e3, tsi-g\u00e3-ri-dh\u00e3, ur-dh\u00e3, ur-dhi-e, z\u00e3r-ca-dh\u00e3, etc.
\nTr\u00e3 cititorlu intirisat d\u00e3m ma nghios \u00e3ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 internatsiunali (loati dit dictsiunarlu-al Tachi Papahagi) cari lipsescu totna scriari cu d (sh-tu limba-a noastr\u00e3 ca tu alanti limbi), ca: cru-cu-dil, cu-mi-di-e, del-fin, de-mun, der-m\u00e3, di-a-lec-tu, di-a-log, di-a-man-tu, di-plu-mat, di-plu-m\u00e3, dis-cu, dog-m\u00e3, e-pi-di-mi-e, grad, i-de-i, idul, iod, li-mu-na-d\u00e3, lor-du, mi-lu-di-e, mi-toa-d\u00e3, mo-d\u00e3, mu-ne-d\u00e3, pa-ra-dig-m\u00e3, pa-ra-dis, pi-da-go-g, sar-de-l\u00e3, si-no-d\u00e3, so-d\u00e3, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 cari pot si s-pronunts\u00e3 sh-cu dhelta, nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari tu limba-a noastr\u00e3 cu dh ca: cru-cu-dhil, cu-mi-dhi-e, dhel-fin, dhe-mun, dher-m\u00e3, dhi-a-lec-tu, dhi-a-log, dhi-a-man-tu, dhi-plu-mat, dhi-plu-m\u00e3, dhis-cu, dhog-m\u00e3, e-pi-dhi-mi-e, gradh, i-dhe-i, idhul, iodh, li-mu-na-dh\u00e3, lor-dhu, mi-lu-dhi-e, mi-toa-dh\u00e3, mo-dh\u00e3, mu-ne-dh\u00e3, pa-ra-dhig-m\u00e3, pa-ra-dhis, pi-da-go-g, sar-dhe-l\u00e3, si-no-dh\u00e3, so-dh\u00e3, etc.<\/p>\n

(3) Avem zboar\u00e3 tsi pot s-aib\u00e3 dau\u00e3 virsiunj, c\u00e3 pot si s-pronunts\u00e3 sh-cu gruparea di dau\u00e3 litiri nt, sh-cu gruparea di dau\u00e3 litiri nd. Dup\u00e3 cum va u caft\u00e3 zborlu, sh-dup\u00e3 cum va hib\u00e3 aspusi tu un dictsiunar niscriat ninga, aesti zboar\u00e3 va si ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 un\u00e3 soe i dau\u00e3. <\/span>
\nBun\u00e3oar\u00e3, avem zboar\u00e3 tsi lipsescu scriari cu nt\/nd, ca: ghi-gan-tu, in-da-ti, min-du-es-cu, mur-min-ti\/mur-min-tu, nvis-c\u00e3-min-tu, pun-ti, sin-ta-x\u00e3, sun-tu, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari cu nd\/nt, ca: ghi-gan-du, in-ta-ti, min-tu-es-cu, mur-min-di\/mur-min-du, nvis-c\u00e3-min-du, pun-di, sin-da-x\u00e3, sun-du, etc. <\/span>
\nPi di-alt\u00e3 parti avem zboar\u00e3-exceptsii ca fan-taz-m\u00e3, cari pot si s-avd\u00e3 shi si scrii shi fan-daz-m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

LITIRA E
\nLitira e poati s-aib\u00e3 ma multi sonuri: <\/span>
\n(i) poati s-aib\u00e3 un son-timelj, ascur, di vocal\u00e3 e; <\/span>
\n(ii) poati si s-avd\u00e3 muljat, ca vocal\u00e3 (cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i \u00e3n fats\u00e3 tsi s-avdi ma nu si scrii); va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, un son tsi si scrii e ma s-avdi ca diftongul ie; <\/span>
\n(iii) poati si s-avd\u00e3 ca un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3, ca tu diftongul ea\/ia; shi
\n(iv) c\u00e3ndu s-afl\u00e3 ca un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 e, niactsintuat\u00e3, tu bitisita-a multor zboar\u00e3 (e-lu final), poati s-aib\u00e3 dau\u00e3li sonuri e shi i, dup\u00e3 cum easti grailu-a omlui.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 1 di Timelj: Vocala e
\n(c\u00e3ndu s-avdi e, NU s-avdi ca diftongul ie)
\nVocala e poat\u00e3 s-aib\u00e3 sonlu a ljei di timelj, shi si s-avd\u00e3:
\n(i) Singur\u00e3, ca un\u00e3 vocal\u00e3 ahoryea, f\u00e3r\u00e3 alti semivocali tu idyea silab\u00e3, ca tu zboar\u00e3li: me-si, me-tru, ne-gu-r\u00e3, per, tser, etc. <\/span>
\n(ii) Deadun cu semivocalili i shi u shi s-fac\u00e3 parti dit un diftongu, ei shi eu, ca tu zboar\u00e3li, a-reu, bei, ca-ra-beu\/ca-ra-bei, cu-leu\/cu-lei, cur-cu-beu\/cur-cu-bei, di-pis-ta-neu, g\u00e3b-jeu\/g\u00e3b-jei, meu\/mei, pish-ti-rei, seu, trei, u-vreu\/u-vrei, vrei, etc. <\/span>
\nCu-aestu son, nu-avem v\u00e3rn\u00e3 problem\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 2: Vocala Muljat\u00e3 e
\n(c\u00e3ndu s-avdi ma NU si scrii, ca diftongul ie)
\nTu nchisita di zboar\u00e3, sh-c\u00e3tiv\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 sh-tu mesea ic\u00e3 tu sonea-a lor, e-lu poati si s-pronunts\u00e3 muljat, cu un\u00e3 semivocal\u00e3 i dininti, tsi s-avdi ma nu si scrii, va dz\u00e3c\u00e3, e-lu s-pronunts\u00e3 ca diftongul ie. <\/span>
\nRegula general\u00e3 easti ca – cu ndau\u00e3 exceptsii iu traditsia va s-u caft\u00e3 scriarea cu ie – diftongul ie si s\u00e3 scri e. Mash c\u00e3, c\u00e3tiv\u00e3roar\u00e3, tu ndau\u00e3 clasi (ar\u00e3dz) di zboar\u00e3, sonlu e poati si s-avd\u00e3, sh-ca sonlu-timelj e, ma sh-ca sonlu muljat ie.<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e3 – (1) Scriarea-a diftongului ie s-fatsi totna cu litira e; singurili exceptsii va s-hib\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 ca ier-ni\/ier-nuri, Ie-ru-sa-lim (ic\u00e3 I-e-ru-sa-lim), shi alti ndau\u00e3 cari, traditsiunal, s-au scriat\u00e3 ashi. \u00c3n particular, va si s-avdi totna ie:
\n(i) litira e tsi yini dup\u00e3 nj shi lj, shi <\/span>
\n(ii) litira e di la nominativlu shi vocativlu a zboar\u00e3lor fiminini tsi bitisescu cu vocalili ai\/ae, \u00e3i\/\u00e3e, ei\/ee, ie, oi\/oe, ui\/ue, (iu vocala dit soni nu easti actsintuat\u00e3 shi dau\u00e3li vocali, s-afl\u00e3 tu dau\u00e3 silabi ahoryea)
\n(2) Sonlu ie lipseashti scriari e (nu ie), cu tuti c\u00e3 poati s-aib\u00e3 dau\u00e3li sonuri (em sonlu-timelj e, em sonlu-a diftongului ie), c\u00e3ndu sonlu e\/ie yini dup\u00e3 <\/span>
\n(i) consoanili c, g, j (ma nu nj shi lj), h (inclusiv ch, gh shi sh), y (sonlu g\u00e3rtsescu ghamma, n\u00e3inti di e), shi <\/span>
\n(ii) dup\u00e3 vocalili \u00e3, i, u.<\/p>\n

Bun\u00e3oar\u00e3:
\n(1) C\u00e3ndu au diftongul ie dup\u00e3 litirli compusi nj shi lj, zboar\u00e3li lipsescu scriari ca: lje-pur, ljer-tu, njedz, njel, Njer-curi, njer-gu, njer-l\u00e3, njer-su, (a) njeu, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari ca: ljie-pur, ljier-tu, njiedz, njiel, Njier-curi, njier-gu, njier-l\u00e3, njier-su, (a) njieu, etc.<\/p>\n

(2) Nominativlu shi vocativlu-a zboar\u00e3lor fiminini tsi bitisescu cu ai\/ae, \u00e3i\/\u00e3e, ei\/ee, ii\/ie, oi\/oe, ui\/ue, (iu vocala din fats\u00e3 a\/\u00e3\/e\/i\/o\/u shi vocala i\/e dit soni, niactsintuat\u00e3 s-afl\u00e3 tu dau\u00e3 silabi ahoryea), diftongul ie dit coada-a zborlui lipseashti scriari e:
\n(i) la nominativ, ca: bo-i\/bo-e, ca-fe-i\/ca-fe-e, ca-fi-ne-i\/ca-fi-ne-e, chi-ma-ne-i\/chi-ma-ne-e, ciu-di-i\/ciu-di-e, clja-i\/clja-e, du-di-i\/du-di-e, du-nja-i\/du-nja-e, ga-i\/ga-e, ha-re-i\/ha-re-e, hu-i\/hu-e, i-ti-i\/i-ti-e, la-i\/la-e, ma-i\/ma-e, na-i\/na-e, oa-i\/oa-e, pa-i\/pa-e, pa-re-i\/pa-re-e, ploa-i\/ploa-e, so-i\/so-e, ti-nji-i\/ti-nji-e, u-i\/u-e, etc. shi <\/span>
\n(ii) la vocativ ca: bo-e, ca-fe-e, ca-fi-ne-e, chi-ma-ne-e, ciu-di-e, clja-e, du-di-e, du-nja-e, ga-e, ha-re-e, hu-e, i-ti-e, la-e, ma-e, na-e, oa-e, pa-e, pa-re-e, ploa-e, so-e, ti-nji-e, u-e, etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari, la nominativ shi vocativ ca: bo-ie, ca-fe-ie, ca-fi-ne-ie, chi-ma-ne-ie, ciu-di-ie, clja-ie, du-di-ie, du-nja-ie, ga-ie, ha-re-ie, hu-ie, i-ti-ie, la-ie, ma-ie, na-ie, oa-ie, pa-ie, pa-re-ie, ploa-ie, so-ie, ti-nji-ie, u-ie, etc. cu tuti c\u00e3 avem vidzut\u00e3 scriitori cari scriu zboar\u00e3li di ma nsus cu ie (nu e, cum aspuni regula-a noastr\u00e3) ca, bun\u00e3oar\u00e3: bo-ie, clja-ie, ga-ie, la-ie, ma-ie, na-ie, oa-ie, pa-ie, ploa-ie, so-ie, etc.<\/p>\n

(3) Sonlu ie cari yini dup\u00e3 <\/span>
\n(i) consoanili c, g, j (ma nu nj shi lj), h (inclusiv ch, gh shi sh), y shi <\/span>
\n(ii) dup\u00e3 vocalili \u00e3, i, u <\/span>
\nsi ngr\u00e3pseashti cu e (nu cu ie) shi poati si s-avd\u00e3 sh-ca sonlu-timelj a vocal\u00e3ljei e. <\/span>
\nZboar\u00e3li cu-aestu son lipsescu scriari totna cu e, ca bun\u00e3oar\u00e3: a-hiur-hes-cu, a-l\u00e3n-ces-cu, an-gu-ces-cu, \u00e3n-shi-edz, a-r\u00e3-es-cu, a-ru-shes-cu, a-yeas-pi\/a-yes-chi\/yes-par, az-gher, c\u00e3-p\u00e3-es-cu, ce-ti, che-fi, chen-dru, chep-tu, che-tri, cher, clu-ces-cu, da-mi-genj, dish-clji-edz, ed, ef-tin, es, fi-li-genj, flu-eri, ge-pi, ghe-l\u00e3, h\u00e3r-ches-cu, h\u00e3r-ges-cu, h\u00e3-rgiu-es-cu, her, her-bu, je-ljuri, l\u00e3-es-cu, ma-tu-yeli, min-du-es-cu, n\u00e3-r\u00e3-es-cu, nc\u00e3-ceri, ngru-shedz, scl\u00e3-vu-es-cu, shed, ta-bi-e-ti, trun-du-es-cu, u-gechi, u-helj, vi-er, vur-ye-l\u00e3, ye-nos, ye-rac, yer-mu, z\u00e3p-ti-e etc. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu v\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 scriari ca: a-hiur-hies-cu, a-l\u00e3n-cies-cu, an-gu-cies-cu, \u00e3n-shi-iedz, a-r\u00e3-ies-cu, a-ru-shies-cu, a-yieas-pi\/a-yies-chi\/yies-par, az-ghier, c\u00e3-p\u00e3-ies-cu, cie-ti, chie-fi, chien-dru, chiep-tu, chie-tri, chier, clu-cies-cu, da-mi-gienj, dish-clji-iedz, ied, ief-tin, ies, fi-li-gienj, flu-ieri, gie-pi, ghie-l\u00e3, h\u00e3r-chies-cu, h\u00e3r-gies-cu, h\u00e3-rgiu-ies-cu, hier, hier-bu, jie-ljuri, l\u00e3-ies-cu, ma-tu-yieli, min-du-ies-cu, n\u00e3-r\u00e3-ies-cu, nc\u00e3-cieri, ngru-shiedz, scl\u00e3-vu-ies-cu, shied, ta-bi-ie-ti, trun-du-ies-cu, u-giechi, u-hielj, vi-ier, vur-yie-l\u00e3, yie-nos, yie-rac, yier-mu, z\u00e3p-ti-ie etc.<\/p>\n

Not\u00e3 1 – Tu regul\u00e3 aspunem mash dau\u00e3 exceptsii iu, traditsiunal, diftongul ie nu si scrii e. Ma suntu shi zboar\u00e3 cari, dup\u00e3 regula di ma nsus, lipsescu scriari cu e, nu cu ie, zboar\u00e3 ca: ed, e-hl\u00e3, eri, es, prep, shi bu-ei, er-buri\/er-ghi, es-chi, m\u00e3-ei, (pluralu a zboar\u00e3lor bu-ea-u\u00e3, ear-b\u00e3, eas-c\u00e3, m\u00e3-ea-u\u00e3), etc. cari traditsiunal s-au scriat\u00e3 sh-cu ie ma sh-cu e. <\/span>
\nAesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu scriari ca: ied, ie-hl\u00e3, ieri, ies, priep, shi bu-iei, ier-buri\/ier-ghi, ies-chi, m\u00e3-iei, etc.
\nNot\u00e3 2 – Aoa zbur\u00e3m di sonlu-a diftongului ie, nu sonlu iu vocalili i shi e s-afl\u00e3 tu dau\u00e3 silabi ahoryea, ca bun\u00e3oar\u00e3, tu zboar\u00e3li: a-fi-e-ru-m\u00e3, \u00e3n-shi-edz, di-e-t\u00e3, dish-clji-edz, hu-ri-e-ti, ni-e-ti, scri-es-cu, ta-bi-e-ti, vi-er, z\u00e3p-ti-e, etc.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 3: Semivocala e
\nSemivocala e poati si s-afl\u00e3 tu diftongul ic\u00e3 triftongul ea\/ia, eo\/io, eai\/iai, eau\/iau shi eoa\/ioa\/iua (vocali a\/o, semivocali e\/i\/o\/u). Tr\u00e3 diftongul ea\/ia, shi triftondz\u00e3lj eai\/iai, eau\/iau shi eoa\/ioa\/iua dz\u00e3sim, tu sectsia-a sonlui a, c\u00e3: <\/span>
\n(i) diftongul ea\/ia, si scrii ea (mash tu ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3-exceptsie si scrii c\u00e3tiv\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 ia), <\/span>
\n(ii) triftondz\u00e3lj eai\/iai, eau\/iau si scriu totna cu ea, v\u00e3rn\u00e3oar\u00e3 cu ia, <\/span>
\n(iii) triftongul eoa\/ioa\/iua si scrii totna cu ioa, nu cu eoa\/iua, shi
\n(iv) discutsia tr\u00e3 eo\/io, s-afl\u00e3 tu un\u00e3 lectsie ma nghios, iu va s\u00e3 zbur\u00e3m tr\u00e3 litira o.<\/p>\n

Sonlu 4: Vocala e (e-final cu pronuntsarea e\/i)
\nPrublema-a vocal\u00e3ljei e, niactsintuat\u00e3, dit bitisita-a numilor masculini shi fiminini (substantivi, adgectivi, pronumi shi numirali) shi a formilor verbali, cari s-avdi tu ma multili graiuri shi ca vocal\u00e3 i, va s-hib\u00e3 discutat\u00e3 tu lectsia-a sonlui i. Agiundzi s-dz\u00e3tsem aoatsi c\u00e3, zboar\u00e3li cu aestu i-final va poat\u00e3 s\u00e3 si scrii shi s\u00e3 si pronunts\u00e3 dau\u00e3li turlii, sh-cu i-final sh-cu e-final, dup\u00e3 cum easti grailu-a omlui.<\/p>\n

PRUBLEMI
\nTu-aesti prublemi va d\u00e3m un textu tu cari va si s-afl\u00e3 ndau\u00e3 zboar\u00e3 niscriati ghini. Lucrul a cititorlui va s-hib\u00e3 ca s-li afl\u00e3 aesti zboar\u00e3, s-li ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 cum lipseashti shi s-afl\u00e3 tsi regul\u00e3 dit lectsia di ma nsus avem c\u00e3lcat\u00e3 tu scriari. <\/span>
\nPrublema 1 – Tu hoara-a noastr\u00e3 s-afla un dhascal bun. Un ghigandu di om. Numa-a lui era Dhimitri. Lji nvitsa ficiorlji s\u00e3 scrii shi s\u00e3 dhghiv\u00e3seasc\u00e3 ghini, sh-gr\u00e3tseashti sh-arm\u00e3neashti. L\u00e3 zbura di idheili dit c\u00e3rts\u00e3li di sculii, di p\u00e3tridha-a lor Machidunia, l\u00e3 p\u00e3r\u00e3vulsea p\u00e3rmithi cu-un\u00e3 z\u00e3rcadh\u00e3 din p\u00e3duri, di-un\u00e3 l\u00e3ludh\u00e3 pi-un murmindi ap\u00e3r\u00e3tsit, un crucudhil tsi s-asc\u00e3lda tu mardzinea di-ar\u00e3u, un lordhu tsi-avea vinjit\u00e3 s-vead\u00e3 Machidunia, etc. Mults\u00e3 ficiori eara oarf\u00e3nj. El l\u00e3 d\u00e3dea mulidhi cu tsi s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3, \u00e3lj h\u00e3idhipsea c\u00e3ndu scria ghini, l\u00e3 d\u00e3dea limunadh\u00e3 s-bea, c\u00e3ndu l\u00e3 eara seati, sh-multi alti. F\u00e3tsea multi exudhi tr\u00e3 elj, sh-tr-atsea ficiorlji vrea multu s-yin\u00e3 la sculii.
\nDhispoti, cari eara vinjit nu di multu chiro n hoar\u00e3, nu-l para cunushtea ghini dhascalu. Nu para-l vrea, c\u00e3 el z\u00e3tsea c\u00e3 easti arm\u00e3n; c\u00e3 tuts oaminjlji din hoar\u00e3 sundu arm\u00e3nj. Un\u00e3 sear\u00e3, dhascalu, cari nu eara un om anapudh, s-dusi la dhispoti s\u00e3-l vead\u00e3, s-lji zburasc\u00e3 di idheili a lui, s-aib\u00e3 un dhialog cu el. C\u00e3ndu tritsea pundea din hoar\u00e3, sh-cum f\u00e3tsea scutidhi, s\u00e3 nchidic\u00e3 di-un\u00e3 chirimidh\u00e3 din cali, sh-c\u00e3dzu. Ma nu s-agudi. Dup\u00e3 cum u c\u00e3fta aradha, lj-adusi un\u00e3 dhoar\u00e3. Un dhiscu mplin di yimishi. Dup\u00e3 tsi zbur\u00e3r\u00e3 multu, tu-un dhialectu gr\u00e3tsescu tsi-l cunushtea doilji, dhispoti sh-dhascalu s\u00e3 mbunar\u00e3, sh-di-atumtsea armasir\u00e3 oaspits.<\/p>\n

Prublema 2 – Ploaia nu p\u00e3psea s-cad\u00e3 di ndau\u00e3 oari di chiro, sh-aieri, la maia acas\u00e3, n-adun\u00e3m soia tut\u00e3. Mi dush sh-mini. Cum agiumshu la casa-ali maie, dishcljis poarta di hier tsi d\u00e3dea tu-avlia-a cas\u00e3ljei sh-aclo vidzui yiernjilj tsi-avea inshit\u00e3, di itia-a ploailjei, nafoar\u00e3 dit loc, gaia tsi s-anv\u00e3rtea deav\u00e3rliga ta s-lji m\u00e3c\u00e3, ayieschi sum streaha di cas\u00e3, shi un ied tsi s-agiuca cu oaia di ning\u00e3 poart\u00e3. Minduiescu c\u00e3 soia-nj s-afla tut\u00e3 n cas\u00e3 tu-atsea oar\u00e3, sh-tu chieptu, ahurhiescu s-aduchiescu haraua c\u00e3 va lj-adun. Ved un di elj c\u00e3 iasi din cas\u00e3, shi-l ghiunuiescu cu tut\u00e3 vrearea. Deadun intr\u00e3m \u00e3n cas\u00e3. Trunduiescu usha dup\u00e3 mini c\u00e3ndu-lj ved tuts alants\u00e3 c\u00e3 s-c\u00e3p\u00e3iescu di-ar\u00e3deari; avea vidzut\u00e3 c-aveam adus\u00e3 cu mini ndau\u00e3 c\u00e3st\u00e3nj tsi vream s-li hierbu. Ar\u00e3iescu prota c\u00e3st\u00e3njli pri meas\u00e3, aleg atseali yirminoasi tra sh-li-aruc, sh-alanti li b\u00e3gai pri foc ca s-hiarb\u00e3.<\/p>\n

DIZLIGAREA-A PRUBLEMILOR
\nZboar\u00e3li niscriati dup\u00e3 regulili-a noastri suntu sumliniati. Deapoea, tr\u00e3 cati zbor, va s-aspunem regulili tsi fur\u00e3 c\u00e3lcati.<\/p>\n

Prublema 1 – Tu hoara-a noastr\u00e3 s-afla un dascal bun. Un ghigantu di om. Numa-a lui era Dimitri. Lji nvitsa ficiorlji s\u00e3 scrii shi s\u00e3 dghiv&atildeseasc\u00e3 ghini, sh-gr\u00e3tseashti sh-arm\u00e3neashti. L\u00e3 zbura di ideili dit c\u00e3rts\u00e3li di sculii, di p\u00e3trida-a lor Machidunia, l\u00e3 p\u00e3r\u00e3vulsea p\u00e3rmithi cu-un\u00e3 z\u00e3rcad\u00e3 din p\u00e3duri, di-un\u00e3 l\u00e3lud\u00e3 pi-un murminti ap\u00e3r\u00e3tsit, un crucudil tsi s-asc\u00e3lda tu mardzinea di-ar\u00e3u, un lordu tsi-avea vinjit\u00e3 s-vead\u00e3 Machidunia, etc. Mults\u00e3 ficiori eara oarf\u00e3nj. El l\u00e3 d\u00e3dea mulidi cu tsi s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3, \u00e3lj h\u00e3idipsea c\u00e3ndu scria ghini, l\u00e3 d\u00e3dea limunad\u00e3 s-bea, c\u00e3ndu l\u00e3 eara seati, sh-multi alti. F\u00e3tsea multi exudi tr\u00e3 elj, sh-tr-atsea ficiorlji vrea multu s-yin\u00e3 la sculii.
\nDispoti, cari eara vinjit nu di multu chiro n hoar\u00e3, nu-l para cunushtea ghini dascalu. Nu para-l vrea, c\u00e3 el dz\u00e3tsea c\u00e3 easti arm\u00e3n; c\u00e3 tuts oaminjlji din hoar\u00e3 suntu arm\u00e3nj. Un\u00e3 sear\u00e3, dascalu, cari nu eara un om anapud, s-dusi la dispoti s\u00e3-l vead\u00e3, s-lji zburasc\u00e3 di ideili a lui, s-aib\u00e3 un dialog cu el. C\u00e3ndu tritsea puntea din hoar\u00e3, sh-cum f\u00e3tsea scutidi, s\u00e3 nchidic\u00e3 di-un\u00e3 chirimid\u00e3 din cali, sh-c\u00e3dzu. Ma nu s-agudi. Dup\u00e3 cum u c\u00e3fta arada, lj-adusi un\u00e3 doar\u00e3. Un discu mplin di yimishi. Dup\u00e3 tsi zbur\u00e3r\u00e3 multu, tu-un dialectu gr\u00e3tsescu tsi-l cunushtea doilji, dispoti sh-dascalu s\u00e3 mbunar\u00e3, sh-di-atumtsea armasir\u00e3 oaspits.<\/p>\n

(1) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li: “crucudhil, dhialectu, dhialog, dhiscu, idheili, limunadh\u00e3, lordhu”, suntu zboar\u00e3 tsi s-afl\u00e3 tu limbili internatsiunali sh-eali lipsescu si s-avd\u00e3 shi s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 mash cu latinescul son d (v\u00e3r\u00e3oar\u00e3 cu gr\u00e3tsescul son dhelta): “crucudil, dialectu, dialog, discu, ideili, limunad\u00e3, lordu”.
\n(2) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li: “anapudh, aradha, chirimidh\u00e3, dhascal, dhghiv\u00e3seasc\u00e3, Dhimitri, dhispoti, dhoar\u00e3, exudhi, h\u00e3idhipsea, l\u00e3ludh\u00e3, mulidhi, p\u00e3tridha, scutidhi, z\u00e3rcadh\u00e3” si scriu cu sonlu latinescu d ca: “anapudh, aradha, chirimidh\u00e3, dhascal, dhghiv\u00e3seasc\u00e3, Dhimitri, dhispoti, dhoar\u00e3, exudhi, h\u00e3idhipsea, l\u00e3ludh\u00e3, mulidhi, p\u00e3tridha, scutidhi, z\u00e3rcadh\u00e3” ma pot si s\u00e3 ngr\u00e3pseasc\u00e3 sh-cu sonlu gr\u00e3tsescu dhelta ashi cum easti faptu tu textul a noastru. Tr-atsea aesti zboar\u00e3 nu lipsescu s-hib\u00e3 lugursiri ca alatusuri!
\n(3) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zboar\u00e3li: “ghigandu, murmindi, pundea, sundu” cari au sonlu nd\/nt lipsescu scriari ashi cum suntu dati tu dictsiunar: “ghigantu, murminti, puntea, suntu”.
\n(4) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 zborlu “z\u00e3tsea” lipseashti scriari “dz\u00e3tsea”.<\/p>\n

Prublema 2 – Ploaea nu p\u00e3psea s-cad\u00e3 di ndau\u00e3 oari di chiro, sh-aeri, la maea acas\u00e3, n-adun\u00e3m soea tut\u00e3. Mi dush sh-mini. Cum agiumshu la casa-ali mae, dishcljis poarta di her tsi d\u00e3dea tu-avlia-a cas\u00e3ljei sh-aclo vidzui yernjilj tsi-avea inshit\u00e3, di itia-a ploailjei, nafoar\u00e3 dit loc, gaea tsi s-anv\u00e3rtea deav\u00e3rliga ta s-lji m\u00e3c\u00e3, ayeschi sum streaha di cas\u00e3, shi un ed tsi s-agiuca cu oaea di ning\u00e3 poart\u00e3. Minduescu c\u00e3 soea-nj s-afla tut\u00e3 n cas\u00e3 tu-atsea oar\u00e3, sh-tu cheptu, ahurhescu s-aduchescu haraua c\u00e3 va lj-adun. Ved un di elj c\u00e3 easi din cas\u00e3, shi-l ghiunuescu cu tut\u00e3 vrearea. Deadun intr\u00e3m \u00e3n cas\u00e3. Trunduescu usha dup\u00e3 mini c\u00e3ndu-lj ved tuts alants\u00e3 c\u00e3 s-c\u00e3p\u00e3escu di-ar\u00e3deari; avea vidzut\u00e3 c-aveam adus\u00e3 cu mini ndau\u00e3 c\u00e3st\u00e3nj tsi vream s-li herbu. Ar\u00e3escu prota c\u00e3st\u00e3njli pri meas\u00e3, aleg atseali yirminoasi tra sh-li-aruc, sh-alanti li b\u00e3gai pri foc ca s-hearb\u00e3.<\/p>\n

(1) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 diftongul ea\/ia si scrii, di-arad\u00e3, ea, nu ia. Tr-atsea zboar\u00e3li: “gaia, hiarb\u00e3, iasi, maia, oaia, ploaia, soia” lipsescu scriari: “gaea, hearb\u00e3, easi, maea, oaea, ploaea, soea”.
\n(2) Regula dz\u00e3tsi c\u00e3 litira e poati si s-avd\u00e3 di multi ori ca diftongul ie; ma si ngr\u00e3pseashti e, nu ie. Tr-atsea zboar\u00e3li: “aduchiescu, ahurhiescu, aieri, ar\u00e3iescu, ayieschi, c\u00e3p\u00e3iescu, chieptu, ghiunuiescu, hier, hierbu, ied, maie, minduiescu, trunduiescu, yiernjilj” lipsescu scriari: “aduchiescu, ahurhiescu, aieri, ar\u00e3iescu, ayieschi, c\u00e3p\u00e3iescu, chieptu, ghiunuiescu, hier, hierbu, ied, maie, minduiescu, trunduiescu, yiernjilj”.<\/p>\n

\n

CURSU DI SCRIARI ARM\u00c3NEASC\u00c3<\/strong>
\ndup\u00e3 Regulili Ast\u00e3siti la Simpozionlu di Standardizari a Scriariljei
\nArm\u00e3neasc\u00e3 di Bituli, Avgustu, 1997<\/p>\n

anyrapsit di <\/span>TIBERIUS CUNIA<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LECTSIA 7 – SCRIAREA-A LITIRILOR D, DZ, DH, E LITIRILI D, DZ, DH Dup\u00e3 ar\u00e3zga-a zborlui sh-dup\u00e3 cum lj-easti pronuntsarea tu grailu di-acas\u00e3 a omlui, sonurli-a litir\u00e3ljei simpl\u00e3 d shi a litirilor compusi dh shi dz, suntu aspusi tu regula di ma nghios. Regul\u00e3: Litira simpl\u00e3 d (tsi nu-ari dup\u00e3 ea litirli h shi z), […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-103","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLECTSIA 7 - TRA ARMANAMI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armanami.org\/blog\/cultura-armanasca\/cursuri-ti-scriari\/lectsia-7\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LECTSIA 7 - TRA ARMANAMI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LECTSIA 7 – SCRIAREA-A LITIRILOR D, DZ, DH, E LITIRILI D, DZ, DH Dup\u00e3 ar\u00e3zga-a zborlui sh-dup\u00e3 cum lj-easti pronuntsarea tu grailu di-acas\u00e3 a omlui, sonurli-a litir\u00e3ljei simpl\u00e3 d shi a litirilor compusi dh shi dz, suntu aspusi tu regula di ma nghios. 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